OChem 1: Ch.10

trigonal planar, neutral, electron deficient

when the bond breaks, the electron pair is split evenly

homolysis step, endothermic

one radical and one covalent produces a different radical and covalent species

2 radicals form a single covalent species

tertiary>secondary >primary>methyl

the weaker the bond

a radical adds to a pi bond, destroying it and creating a new radical

a radical abstracts a hydrogen atom creating a new radical

2 radicals join and form a bond

a double bond forms between the alpha and beta positions

a radical abstracts a halogen atom creating a new radical

requires a large amount of energy in the form of heat or light(hv)

a compound with a weak bond that undergoes homolytic bond cleavage

a compound that prevents a chain process from starting or continuing

determines whether or not a reaction is thermodynamically favorable

the reaction favors the products

the starting materials are favored and the reaction doesn't produce the desired products

bonds are broken
system increases in energy

bonds are formed
energy is released

halogenation at the tertiary position
occurs at existing chiral center
more selective than chlorination

reaction proceeds via radical mechanisms
initiation, propagation, termination
2 isomers are created-creating a new chiral center

radical reaction where bromine goes on allylic position

placed next to an alkene

reagent used for allylic bromination to avoid a a competing reaction

a slow oxidation process

Anti-Markovnikov addition in the presence of alkyl peroxides(ROOR)