GEOG 210- Tuition

Monetary reward to doctors for turning away- inflict unnecessary medical inspection to disway black people from coming
Sent people to say living in canada was not good

Black people defending themselves from racist attacks and making safe spaces for themselves in the city in everyday life, e.g. school, rental housing, subway, at parties, etc.

AKAX (Also Known as X): Black youth organizing—including here at Concordia-- to educate and to protect themselves but also to find meaningful spirituality in the city

Space that black people have made through their everyday lives

During the Fordist period, many social services became available to citizens in the global north including higher education which was understood as a ~public good

During the neoliberal period which followed, social services have been increasingly cut, hollowed out, and/or privatized including higher education. In this context, higher education is viewed less as a public good, and more as a personal investment. Tuition therefore becomes a ~user fee.

Ford’s form of production became the economic blueprint for post-war high-income countries in W./N. Europe and N. America

Linked to a particular form of government: the welfare state or the keynesian welfare state

But mass production requires mass consumption in order to be sustained.
Achieved by:

1. Fordist wage: “The payment of $5 a day for an eight-hour day was one of the most profitable moves we ever made.“ ---Henry Ford 2. The Welfare State in combination with Keynesian economics ensured that many more people had income to consume Sufficiently. Still seen in quebec- universal healthcare, cheap daycare

Francophone population largely impoverished with low levels of formal education (Education managed by Church since 1875)- characteristic of periphery

-90% of work force primarily spoke French

Mining and production of raw materials for US industry

Anti-colonial revolution in the province which changed many things for the Francophone majority

–The CEGEPs
something like uni available to wider range of people
Virtually free at time
–The secularization of education (Church kicked out!)
–increased capacity at all levels including higher education

Education imagined as a PUBLIC GOOD that help to produce a productive and vibrant society

-From welfare→ to workfare state
-New script that represent the state as inefficient and the population as overly dependent
-New understanding of individuals as entrpeuniarial, able to manage lifew of risks, not in need of the kind of stabiliuty and benefits that characterized welfare state
-Repeated cuts to government budgets (austerity) in name of balancing budget, reducing debts
-Reduced taxes to favour business as engine of growth
-Privatization of many state functions with massive profits for private secto

-Changes in Canadian education policy resulted in lower levels of overall funding transfers from government to universities.
-Government funding dropped from over 77 per cent in 1992 to less than 50 per cent in 2015 and now stands at 45.8%.
-To make up the difference, post-secondary institutions turned to a more dependable source of money: students.

​​-- subsidizing culture improves business by attracting creative class
--the creative class bring investment which increases tax revenue
--low cost to government since no infrastructure costs
-- enhances the reputation of specific places
-- improves quality of life for people in the city

-Gentrification and the high costs of rent in the so-called creative sectors, leading to displacement of residents
-Uneven benefits of investment from the city to the areas that are supposed to attract the creative class.
-The DIY (do it yourself) culture and the service sector jobs that serve the “creatives” often lack benefits and are exploitative…What is it actually like to work for the festivals?
-Struggles between different sectors that want to define what counts as the cool urban culture

City leaders coax tech companies by offering benefits like looser regulation and lower taxes.
They create “innovation ecosystems” made up of things like hackathons, incubators, and co-working spaces meant to attract programmers and venture capitalists.
Digital districts [where tech companies manage entire city districts as urban labs], like the one that Sidewalk Labs tried to create in Toronto…

Proposal 1: 20,000 opportunities for students to work for companies (internships)
Proposal 2: Tax breaks for companies locating around the university
Proposal 3: Government investment in talent, infrastructure for the universities including research partnerships with companies

was written, and became the foundation for student unions: this is a defining moment as it stresses how students are the workforce of tomorrow and how intellectual labour IS labour.

The Parent Commission was tasked by the Quebec government to give a comprehensive overview of education in the province and to provide recommendations for its modernization.

The Parent Report was responsible for making primary and secondary school mandatory and public, for the creation of the CEGEP system, and for making post secondary education accessible through the modern university system including the University of Quebec network

belief that education is a necessary driver for a modern society and that all
individuals should be able to access it regardless of their socio-economic origin.

recommendations of the report was the progressive elimination of all financial barriers to education through a total freeze on tuition, which lasted from the 1960s until 1990, with the intent of eliminating tuition altogether.

Since 2012, Concordia has implemented bigger class sizes, cut support staff, and overworkednderpaid TAs.

Between 2009 and 2010, we paid over $3.2 million in golden parachutes (severance pay) for a half dozen senior administrators. As if that wasn’t enough, we then had to pay an extra $2 million fine to the Quebec government as a punitive measure for irresponsible expenditure of public funds!

This could not be more evident than in the privatization of undergraduate programs for international students, which the university literally prices as a commodity on an international market through its cohort pricing model.

As of Fall 2019, all undergraduate international students who are not French or French-speaking Belgian are “deregulated”. Concordia determines all rates, including increase amounts.

Before 2014, forfaitre rates were collected by Qc and redistributed among universities. However, since 2014, this is not the case. Concordia keeps the fees and there is no upper limit on tuition fees for these students.

means that every year Concordia HIKES tuition fees for new students, who will be guaranteed the same tuition rate every year. For example, students who enroll in 2017/18 pay $22,000/year* for the rest of their studies, student who enroll in 2018/19 will pay $24,000/ year*, students who enroll in 2019/20 will pay $26,000/year*, and so on.

Depends what kinds of internships, jobs, and opportunities are offered by tech companies attracted by the sweet deals at tech hubs!
How will donations be spread across the university? Which departments and students benefit?
Will tech and other companies come, and if so will their presence affect real estate prices and rent?
How well will spin-off businesses serve international students?

•Privatization: Welfare state functions were privatized under neoliberal policies. Increasing costs of tuition are one example among many of this tendency.
•Austerity: Just as university budgets are cut under so called austerity programs, so too have other elements of the welfare state been cut or reduced
•Letting the market decide: Allowing a university to behave like a business and letting the market set the tuition rate is an example of deregulation, a common element of neoliberal policy
•Strategies to oppose austerity: Those who oppose austerity demonstrate that the issue is not precisely the lack of funds but how those funds are being used.
•New meanings: As cuts reduce welfare state functions, they also redefine their meaning. In the case of higher education, this is a change from higher education as public good to a private service paid for by user fees