quiz 9

organizations that exist to allow like-minded members of the population to group together and magnify their individual voices into a focus promoting individual candidates and government action

the first election in world history in which one party willingly gave up power because of a lost election to another party without bloodshed

brought together by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932, a broad electorate made up of the urban working class, most members of the newer ethnic groups, the bulk of American catholics and jews, the poor, the south, and liberal intellectuals

states where democratic and republican parties have similar levels of support among voters

the process through which parties look for effective, popular candidates to help them win votes and offices

the initial point of entry fir those seeking involvement in politics as volunteers, organizers or candidates

party organizations at the state level; they organize elections and provide the electoral college votes needed to win the presidency; they also supervise the various functions vital to state parties, such as fundraising, identifying potential candidates, providing election services, offering advice on reapportionment matters, and developing campaign strategies

an organizational style of local politics in which party bosses traded jobs, money, and favors for votes and campaign support

party organization at the national level whose primary tasks include fundraising, distribution of information, and recruitment

national meeting of the party every four years to choose the ticket for the presidential election and write the party platform

statement of principles and policies; the goals that a party pledges to carry out if voters give it control of the government

a candidate's "sponsorship" by a political party

meetings of party adherents who gather to discuss, to deliberate, and finally to give their support to a candidate for president. they then select delegates who will represent their choices at higher-level party meetings; eventually, their votes are reflected at the national convention itself. also means a conference of party members in congress

a preelection that allows all members of a party, not just its leadership, to select the party's candidate for the general election in the fall.

system in which the winner of the primary or electoral college vote receives all of the state's convention or electoral college delegates

system of representation popular in Europe whereby the number of. seats in the legislature is based on the proportion of the vote received in the election

system of conducting primary elections in which only citizens registered as members of a particular political party may participate in that party's primary

system of conducting primary elections in which citizens vote in whichever party's primary they choose

process by which most party primaries and caususes are held early in the nomination schedule so that the majority of the delegate support is locked up early

democratic Party commission that, after the 1968 national convention, opened up meetings and votes to a broad variety of party activists, made primaries rather than caucuses the common means of choosing convention delegates, weakened the power of party leaders, and set up rules to ensure that a wide range of party members could participate fully in all party operations

delegates to the democratic national convention not bound to vote for any particular candidate; usually prominent members of the party or elected officials

system in which five or ten or more parties regularly compete in elections, win seats, and have some chance of gaining power. promoted by systems with proportional representation and characteristic of most democratic nations

districts in which a seat goes to the candidate with the most votes. in this system, a small party--say, one that wins 10% in every district across the nation--would fall to secure a single seat in the legislature

group of 538 electors who meet separately in each of their states and the district of columbia on the first Monday following the second Wednesday in December after a national presidential election. their majority decision officially elects the president and vice president of the US

a psychological orientation or long-term propensity to think positively of and vote regularly for a particular political party

parties in the American system other than the democrats or republicans

mass political involvement through voting, campaign work, political protests, and civil disobedience, and many others

a fee that had to be paid before one could vote; used to prevent African Americans from voting; now unconstitutional

a req. that voting applicants had to demonstrate an understanding of national and state constitutions. primarily used to prevent African Americans from voting in the south

a req. that voting applicants wishing to vote produce two or more registered voters to vouch for their integrity

the right to vote in political elections

the percentage of eligible voters who vote on Election Day

a proposal submitted by the public and voted on during elections

proposal submitted by a state legislature to the public for a popular vote, often focusing on whether a state should spend money in a certain way

ballots on which people vote for candidates from more than one party

ballots on which people vote for only one party

powerful form of issue voting in which voters look back over the past term or two to judge how well an incumbent or the "in party" has performed in office

expression of dissatisfaction; may take the form of demonstrations, letters to newspapers or public officials, or simple "opting out" of the system by failing to vote or participate in any other way

breaking the law in a nonviolent fashion and being willing to suffer the consequences, even to the point of going to jail, in order to publicly demonstrate that the law is unjust

elections in which Americans elect members of congress but not presidents; 2014, 2018, and 2022 are midterm election years

"riding the president's coattails into office" occurs in an election when voters also elect representatives or senators belonging to a successful presidential candidate's party

member of the electoral college who casts his or her vote for someone other than the state's popular-vote winner

election in which the majority party of the day wins both congress and the White House, maintaining its control of government

election which the minority party captures the White House because of short-term intervening forces, and thus a deviation from the expectation that power will remain in the hands of the dominant party

election characterized by massive shifts in partisan identification, as in 1932 with the new deal coalition

system under which presidential candidates who raise a certain amount of money in the required way may apply for and receive matching federal funds

an election held in the house if no candidate receives the required majority in the electoral college