APUSH AMSCO Ch 14

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States

American politician who served as the only President of the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865

Vice President of the Confederate States of America, in defense of states' rights, urged the secession of Georgia in response to the "despotic" actions of the Confederacy

Civil War transformed American into a complex modern industrial society of capital, technology, national organizations, and large corporations; Republicans able to stimulate the industrial and commercial growth of US. A term sometimes used for the Civil War.

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

increased import tariff in the United States, adopted on March 2, 1861, during the administration of President James Buchanan, a Democrat. Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War.

In 1862, this act gave public land to state governments to sell. The money was to be used to finance public education. This led to the formation of many state schools and colleges 4: 1825-1865

A series of laws that promoted the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.

Encouraged westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee (\$10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years. Over 400,000 families got land through this law.

Union fort in SC; guarded Charleston Harbor; April 12, 1861 Confederacy asked for fort's surrender; Major Robert Anderson refused; Confederates open fired; Union ran out of ammunition; April 13 - union surrendered. start of civil war.

1st real battle, Confederate victory. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side.

fought in the 1st Battle of Bull Run; got his nickname because he encouraged his men to stand firm like a stonewall; was shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville by his own men

United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War. Became the Whigs' last presidential candidate in 1852. Conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War

Union strategy by winfield Scott to defeat the Confederacy. Consisted of the take over Richmond, to blocked all ports, and to Take control of the Mississippi river.

He was a Union general that was in charge during the beginning of the war. He defeated Lee, at Antietam, securing a much needed Union victory. He was very cautious and slow to attack which got him fired by Lincoln twice.

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Became the commander of the confederate army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until its surrender in 1865.

1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation

Ambrose Burnside led the Union toward Richmond and marched into waiting Confederate troops who shot them down as they marched. Horrible defeat for the Union. Union suffered immense losses (more than 2 soldiers on Union side killed for every one Confederate)

The Merrimac was a confederate ship that destroyed two union ships before it was taken out of action by the Monitor, a Union ship. This was the first battle between ironclad ships and marked the beginning of a new era and naval battles. Rendered wooden fleets obsolete and prompted the Union to build a fleet of ironclad warships which it used to gain control of important waterways and defeat Confederate forts that guarded important rivers.

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

This was battle fought by Grant in an attempt to capture the railroad of the South. The battle was fought in the west prevented the north from obtaining an easy victory. However, the Confederates strong resistance showed that they would not go quietly and the war was far from over. 2nd battle of the war.

Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack on New Orleans the led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.

A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania, 1863. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. Around the same time, the Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee was defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg. These two victories marked the major turning point of the Civil War in favor of the Union

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's destructive march through Georgia. An early instance of "total war," purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate war effort. eventually set fire to South Carolina's capital, Columbia.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. Effectively brought the four-year Civil War to an end.

exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state. executes and enforces law. In political systems based on the principle of separation of powers, authority is distributed among several branches—an attempt to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a single group of people

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

a violent uprising against an authority or government

Series of laws passed by fed gov. designed to liberate slaves in seceded states; authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and stated that all slaves who fought with Confederate military services were freed of further obligations to their masters; virtually emancipation act of all slaves in Confederacy

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

Supreme Court decided that the suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional because civilian courts were still operating, and the Constitution of the United States (according to the Court) only provided for suspension of habeas corpus if these courts are actually forced closed. In essence, the court ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians in areas where civil courts were open, even during wartime.

a series of violent disturbances in new york city that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing american civil war. Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers

were a faction of Democrats in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

Lincoln vs. McClellan. Lincoln wants to unite North and South while McClellan wants war to end if he's elected. citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, but Lincoln still wins.

In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured the British ship with the Confederate diplomats and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release to avoid war with Britain.

central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, and invited other states to form a Southern Republic.

Two well-armed ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm. Seeking to avoid war with the United States, the British government purchased the two ships for its Royal Navy instead.

was an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.

Almost 200,000 African Americans joined the Union army during the Civil War.

one of the first black units in the US Armed Forces. Earned place in history at Fort Wagner

As men went off to battle in the Civil War, women stepped into the labor vacuum, operated farms and took factory jobs customarily held by men.

During the Civil War women played a critical role as military nurses

The Civil War forever changed both black freedoms and rights, and women's rights. Blacks fought for the right to vote, against discrimination, and violence pitted against them. Similarly, women were able to fight for suffrage and rights for themselves. widespread destruction and devastation of southern economy because of the total war and the inflation. North enacted banking and currency reforms
SOUTH DESTROYED: RECONSTRUCTION BEGINS

With the passage of the thirteenth amendment in 1865, 4 million African Americans were now free