Exam 3 vocab

a building used for communal Islamic worship

The mosque wall oriented toward Mecca indicated by the mihrab

a recess or niche that distinguishes the wall oriented toward Mecca (qibla) in a mosque

an enclosure for rulers or dignitaries in front of the mihrab of a mosque

a platform or pulpit in an Islamic mosque

a tall slender tower on or near a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer five times a day

an Islamic institution of higher learning, where teaching is focused on theology and law

in Islamic architecture, a large, vaulted chamber with a monumental arched opening on one one side, sometimes used as classrooms or mosques

juxtaposes stone of contrasting colors; sometimes has joggled voussoirs, like puzzle pieces

a process whereby artists assimilate and combine images and ideas from different cultural traditions, beliefs, and practices, giving them new meanings.

In Buddhism, stories associated with the previous lives of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha.

A type of hard, glossy surface varnish, originally developed for use on objects in
East Asian cultures, made from the sap of the Asian sumac or from shellac, a resinous secretion from the lac insect

Large-scale wooden sculpture constructed by a method developed in Japan. The entire
work is made from smaller hollow blocks, each individually carved, and assembled when
complete. The multiple joints alleviate the problems of drying and cracking found with
sculpture carved from a single block.

An image of the cosmos represented by an arrangement of circles or concentric geometric shapes containing diagrams or images. Used for meditation and contemplation by Buddhists.

in Buddhism, a being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in this world in order to help others advance spiritually

a native style of Japanese painting developed during the 12th and 13th centuries, distinguished from Japanese painting styles that emulate Chinese traditions

niche like components stacked in tiers

deities or spirits of Japan’s native Shinto religion

a hall filled with buddhist images used for worship and ceremonies

a buddhist reliquary which is not entered

the general in chief, separate from the emperor, but with “supreme military and political power”

a painstaking cut gold leaf technique orginating in China but "perfected" in Japan used to embellish scrolls

“welcoming approach,” depicts the Amida Buddha and bodhisattvas coming down to earth to welcome the soul of a believer

simpler than esoteric Buddhism, making it more popular, promised the western land of paradise with practice of chants, “hail to the Amida buddha”

hierarchical buddhism, deities have complex relationships to one another and there are many of them. Historic buddha loses significance over Dainichi, the universal Buddha, “great sun” in Japanese, thought to preside over the universe. Most popular among educated aristocracy.