Week 6: Respiratory System

Exchange of gases between blood and air

Exchange of gases between blood and cells

in the skull above the roof of the oral cavity

Protruding from the face

Opening of the nose that opens to the exterior

Opening of the nose in the nasopharyngeal

  is formed by the   and  

Nose is lined with  

Serves as a   for incoming and outgoing air filtering, warming, and moistening it

It is the Sense organ of smell

3 sections of Pharynx

behind the nose with four opening

4 openings of Nasopharynx

Tonsils found in the   destroy incoming bacteria and detoxify foreign protein

found behind the mouth with one opening, filtering from the oral cavity

behind the pharynx with two openings, into the larynx and into the esophagus

Laryngopharynx serves as passageway into   and   tracts

Box-like cartilaginous structure located just below the pharynx

Larynx consist of (4) cartilage

Protects the vocal chords behind it

A flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe and the lungs

Functions as an attachment site for muscles, cartilage, and ligaments involved in opening and closing the airway and producing speech

Attachment to vocal cords that allows and aid the vocal cords’ movement

2 types of Vocal cords

False vocal cord is also known as  

vocal cord that are folds of mucus lining

vocal cord that bands stretched across the interior of the larynx

Cartilaginous tube 10 – 11 cm in length extending from larynx to bronchi

Length of Trachea

Trachea is lined with  

For passageway of air, to and from the lungs

Cone-shape organ that completely fill the pleural spaces extending slightly above the clavicle to the diaphragm where the base of the lungs rest

Lungs completely fill the  

Lung is a cone-shape organ that completely fill the pleural spaces extending slightly above the   to the   where the base of the lungs rest

Lungs are covered with  

right and left formed by branching of trachea

smaller branches of bronchi

microscopic branches of bronchioles

microscopic sacs at the ends of the alveolar ducts provided with a network of lung capillaries

Serves for the exchange of gases between blood and air

  measures the amount of air exchanged in breathing

average amount expired after a normal respiration

The average tidal air is  

largest additional volume of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal inspiration and expiration

Average ERV is  

largest addition of volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal respiration

Average IRV is  

air that which cannot be forcibly expired from lungs

Average residual air is about  

air that which can never be removed from alveoli if they have been inflated even once, even though lungs are subjected to atmospheric pressure that squeezes part of the residual air out

approximate capacity of lungs as measured by account of air that can be forcibly expired after forcible inspiration; varies with size of thoracic cavity, which is determined by various factors

Various factors that affect the vital capacity

normal quite breathing

temporary cessation of breathing

difficult breathing

inability to breath easily in horizontal position

excessively rapid and shallow breathing

abnormal slow breathing