Nervous System: Inso

A. Functions of Nervous System

CNS is composed of   and  

body's control center

Coordinates body's activities

  travel through the   in your body to reach the  

composed of cranial nerves from the brain and spinal nerves from the spinal cord

composed of   from the   and   from the spinal cord

Function of PNS

  and   work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli

2 Parts of Peripheral Nervous System

composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic chains of ganglia

ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) is composed of   and   chains of  

Function of ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)

Part of PNS that you do not control

2 Parts of Autonomic Nervous System

• Controls in times of stress
• "flight or fight response"
• Adrenaline rush

• Controls in times of rest
• "rest and digest"

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Constrict pupils

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Stimulate saliva

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Slow heartbeat

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Constrict airways

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Stimulate activity of Stomach

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Stimulate gallbladder

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Stimulate activity of Intestines

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Contract bladder

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Dilate pupils

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Inhibit Salivation

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Increase heartbeat

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Relax airways

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Inhibit activity of Stomac

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Inhibit gallbladder

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Inhibit activity of Intestines

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Relax Bladder

Tell if Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine

Hormones secreted in Sympathetic Nervous Reaction (Adrenaline Rush)

Function of Somatic Nervous System

Part of PNS that you do control

You control Somatic Nervous System by deciding whether or not to move muscle (except  )

Automatic response to stimulus

3 Embryonic Division of Brain

5 Adult Division of Brain

The embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally

fluid-filled cavity

Cavity of Telencephalon or Cerebral Hemisphere

Telencephalon or Cerebral Hemisphere is divided into   hemisphere

2 hemisphere of the Telencephalon is connected by  

- Controls the right side of the body
- Associated with math, analytic, and speech

- Controls the left side of the body
- Associated with music, art, abstract ideas

Sensory speech aka   area

Motor speech aka   area

- Parietal lobe
- Where words are heard and comprehended

- Frontal lobe
- Where words are formulated

Telencephalon is divided by   into   major lobes

1) abstract thinking
2) Sense of humor
3) Uniqueness of personality
4) Contraction of skeletal muscles
5) Synchronization of muscular movement

1) Translate nerve impulses into sensations
2) Appreciation of size, texture, and weight
3) Sense of taste

1) Translate nerve impulses into sensations of sound
2) Control behavior patterns
3) Sense of smell

1) Translates nerve impulses into sight
2) Appreciation of size, shapes and color

Unpaired division of the forebrain

Cavity of Diencephalon or Twixtbrain

Diencephalon or Twixtbrain consists of:

• Paired structure of gray matter below the corpus callosum
• Relay center for all sensory impulses
• Functionally related to all motor centers

Thalamus is a   of gray matter below the  

Relay center for all sensory impulses

Functionally related to all motor centers

® Largest portion of diencephalon

® Influences moods and detects pain; relay motor and sensory signals to cerebral cortex

Thalamus influences moods and  ; relay   and   signals to  

• Forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle
• Regulates the PNS discharges which accompanies behavior and emotional expression
• Manufactures hormones of the neurohypophyses

Forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle

Regulates the PNS discharges which accompanies behavior and emotional expression

Manufactures hormones of the neurohypophyses

Hypothalamus   hormones of the  

found below the Thalamus

Controls secretion of pituitary gland and is connected to it by infundibulum

Hypothalamus is connected to pituitary gland by the  

® Controls homeostasis, body temp, thirst, hunger, fear, rage, sexual emotions

• Found between the forebrain and the hindbrain

• Contains 4 nuclear masses collectively known as the corpora quadri-gemina

Mesencephalon or Midbrain contains   collectively known as the   which is devided into 2:

 
 

part of Mesencephalon or Midbrain involved in visual reflexes

part of Mesencephalon or Midbrain associated with hearing

Contains reflex centers from cranial nerves III (occulomotor) and IV (trochlear)

Mesencephalon or Midbrain contains reflex centers from cranial nerves   and  

Cavity of Mesencephalon or Midbrain

2nd largest part of the human brain

• Exerts synergic control over skeletal muscles resulting in coordinated skeletal muscle contraction to produce smooth, steady, and precise movements

found below the cerebrum

means little brain

§ Controls balance, muscle tone, coordination of fine motor movement

Cavity of Metencephalon or Cerebellum

Most posterior portion of the hindbrain

□ Regulate heart rate
□ Blood vessel diameter
□ Breathing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccups, coughing, sneezing, balance, and conducts impulses between the brain (sensory and motor)

Cavity of Medulla Oblongata

Location: Above medulla, bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum

Function: Breathing, chewing, salivation, swallowing

Location: Above pons

Function: Coordinated eye movement, pupil diameter, turning head toward noise

• Membranous coverings or protective wrapping around brain and spinal cord consisting of three layers

Meninges has   layers

Infection of meninges (bacterial or viral)

3 + 1 Layers of Meninges

Meninges:

• Outer layer of white fibrous tissue
• thickest layer

Meninges:

Middle layer

Meninges:

- Innermost layer
- Adhering to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and containing blood vessels

Meninges:

Where cerebrospinal fluid sits

○ Fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord
○ Provides a protective cushion around the CNS

Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced in   of brain

Plexus -  

Posterior continuation of the brain located in the spinal cavity

Spinal cord conducts impulses to the brain through its  

Contains reflex centers for all spinal cord reflexes

Spinal cord is protected by  

Paralysis:

waist up or waist down

Paralysis:

left or right

Paralysis:

whole body paralysis

Nerves originating from the brain

Cranial nerves have how many pairs?

CN # 1

CN # 2

CN # 3

CN # 4

CN # 5

CN # 6

CN # 7

CN # 8

CN # 9

CN # 10

CN # 11

CN # 12

Nerves originating from the spinal cord

There are   pairs of spinal nerves in man

Each nerve is attached to the   by  

Branches of spinal nerves form plexus or intricate
network of fibers from which the nerves supplying
various parts of the  ,  , and   emerge

All spinal nerves are  

SN # 1

SN # 2

SN # 3

SN # 4

Sense organs that are stimulated by:

Changes in external environment

Sense organs that are stimulated by:

Changes in internal environment

Sense organs that are stimulated by:

Pressure changes

Sense organs that are located in:

Sensory organs (Skin, mucosa, ear, eye)

Sense organs that are located in:

Internal organs (Viscera)

Sense organs that are located in:

(Moving parts) Muscle, tendons, joints, semi-circular canal of inner ear

moving of parts is also known as

Taste buds in the tongue innervated by the   and   nerves

Parts of the tounge that responds to the chemicals

Olfaction have receptors in the epithelium of the  

Odors sensed as   with   on sensory

Eyeball have 2 types of cavity

3 Coats of Eyeball

3 sections of ear

External ear (3)

Middle ear (3)

Inner ear (3)

it contains the organ of Corti

The hearing sense organ innervated by the cranial nerve   ( )