Exam 5 flashcards

The juxtaglomerular apparatus:
A: is associated with the macula densa
B: regulates glomerular filtration rates
C: synthesizes renin
D: all of the above

The epithelium that lines the urinary bladder would be classified as:
A: simple cuboidal
B: pseudostratified columnar
C: stratified squamous
D: transitional

The modified epithelium that forms the macula densa is associated with the:
A: afferent arteriole
B: distal convoluted tubule
C: glomerulus
D: proximal convoluted tubule

The epithelium that lines the ureter is classified as?

The epithelium that lines the renal pelvis would be classified as:
A: simple cuboidal
B: pseudostratified columnar
C: stratified squamous
D: transitional

Blood in the urine would most likely indicate an injury to the
A: collecting tube
B: glomerulus
C: macula densa
D: thin descending loop

An infection in the renal pelvis could spread to renal corpuscle of the kidney by first passing through the:
A: distal convoluted tubule
B: distal straight tubule
C: renal papilla
D: ureter

An infection in the bladder spread up the urinary system to Bowman’s capsule, the last tubular structure it would pass through would be the:
A: distal straight tubule
B: proximal convoluted tubule
C: proximal straight tubule
D: thin descending limb

The collecting ducts play an important role in concentrating urine because of:
A: ADH stimulating of its cells
B: macula densa cells in its walls
C: stratified squamous epithelium
D: umbrella cells

The male urethra passes through which structure of the male penis?
A: corpus cavernosum
B: corpus spongiosum
C: crura
D: prostate

The migration of the testes from the peritoneal cavity into the scrotal sac brings a portion of the peritoneum with it. This structure forms the:
A: dartos m.
B: epididymis
C: tunica albuginea
D: tunica vaginalis

The male accessory gland that consists of alveolar glands embedded in concentric layers of fibromuscular tissue is the:
A: bulbourethral gland
B: prostate
C: seminal vesicle

The cells that support and/or nurse spermatogenic cells are the:
A: leydig cells
B: pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C: Sertoli cells

Sperm are stored and decapitation factor is added in the:
A: ductus deferens
B: epididymis
C: rete testis
D: seminiferous tubules

Sperm leaves the ductus deferens and continues immediately into the:
A: ejaculatory duct
B: epididymis
C: rete testis
D: spongy urethra

The secretions of the prostate flow from the prostate gland directly into the:
A: corpus spongiosum
B: ductus deferens
C: seminal vesicles
D: urethra

The epithelium that lines the ductus deferens is classified as:
A: simple cuboidal
B: pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia
C: stratified squamous
D: transitional

The region of the uterus that undergoes the greatest amount of change during a menstrual cycle is the:
A: endometrium, basal layer
B: endometrium, functional layer
C: myometrium
D: perimetrium

The remnant of the ovarian follicle which is produced following release of the oocyte is the:
A: acrosome cap
B: granulosa lutein
C: juxtaglomerular apparatus
D: myometrium

During maturation of the ovarian follicle, the layers of cells immediately adjacent to the oocyte form the:
A: corpus albicans
B: granulosa cells
C: theca interna
D: zona pellucia

During the maturation of the ovarian follicle, the layer of cells on the periphery of the follicle form the:
A: corpus albicans
B: granulosa cells
C: theca interna
D: zona pellucida

The epithelium lining the passageway from the uterus to the outside world is a/vagina:
A: pseudostratified columnar
B: simple columnar
C: stratified squamous, non-keratinized
D: transitional

The embryonic period of prenatal develop occurs during:
A: first two weeks
B: 3rd through 8th weeks
C: 9th week to birth

Which of the following structures has openings into the posterior vestibule of the vagina?
A: anal canal
B: urethra
C: vagina

The blood flow to the uterus passes through the:
A: broad ligament
B: corpus spongiosum
C: ovarian artery

The portion of the blastocyst that develops into the placenta is the:
A: ectoderm
B: embryoblast
C: endoderm
D: epiblast
E: trophoblast

The female erectile tissue contains all the following structures EXCEPT ONE. which one is the EXCEPTION?
A: corpora cavernosum
B: corpus spongiosum
C: glans
D: bulb of vestible

Sweat glands are innervated by:
A: parasympathetic nerves
B: sympathetic nerves
C: vagus nerve

Skin cells that flatten and become squamous are
A: keratinocytes
B: langerhans cells
C: melanocytes
D: merkel cells

The hair follicle is a modification of the
A: arrector pili
B: dermis
C: epidermis

All of the following characteristics of the skin are associated with aging EXCEPT ONE. which characteristics is the EXCEPTION?
A: diminished sweating
B: increased vascularity
C: less elastic
D: thinner

All of the following characteristics of the skin are associated with aging EXCEPT ONE. which characteristics is the EXCEPTION?
A. Diminished sweating
B. Increased wrinkling
C. Less elastic
D. thicker

The region of the dermis immediately adjacent to the basal layer of the epidermis is termed the:
A: papillary layer
B: reticular layer
C: subcutaneous layer

The emptying reflex of the bladder is controlled by the:
A: femoral nerve
B: myenteric plexus
C: parasympathetic nerves from coccygeal spinal nerves
D: sympathetic nerves from thoracic spinal nerves

The loop of the nephron in the medulla is closely associated with which vascular structure?
A: afferent arterioles
B: arcuate arteries
C: peritubular capillaries
D: vasa recta

The kidney is said to have an arterial portal system. The first capillary bed of this portal system is the:
A: glomerulus
B: juxtaglomerular apparatus
C: peritubular capillaries
D: vasa recta

The detrusor muscle is located in the:
A: male peritoneum
B: renal pelvis
C: ureter
D: urinary bladder

The cells that form the parietal capsule of the renal corpuscle are:
A: brush cells
B: podocytes
C: simple squamous epithelial cells
D: stratified squamous epithelial cells

The modified epithelium that forms the macula densa is associated with the
A: afferent arteriole
B: distal convoluted tubule
C: glomerulus
D: proximal convoluted tubule

The cells that form the visceral capsule of the renal corpuscle are:
A: brush cells
B: podocytes
C: simple squamous epithelial cells
D: stratified squamous epithelial cells

The acrosome:
A: is form from vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus of the cell
B: contains enzymes to dissolve the zona pellucida and corona radiata
C: covers the anterior portion of the nucleus of a sperm
D: all of the above

Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal?
A: Ductus deferens
B: ejaculatory duct
C: epididymis
D: seminiferous tubules

The epididymis contains:
A. Bulbourethral glands
B. Cuboidal epithelium
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. stereocilia

The epithelium that lines the epididymis is classified as:
A: simple cuboidal
B: pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia
C: stratified squamous, non keratinized
D: transitional

The cells in the testis that secrete testosterone are the
A: interstitial (leydig) cells
B: myoid
C: sertoli cells
D: theca lutein

An erection of the penis is caused by stimulation from
A: CN IX
B: parasympathetic innervation
C: post-central gyrus
D: sympathetic innervation

During spermatogenesis, the first meiotic division arrests in prophase of/occurs in the:
A: early spermatids
B: primary spermatocytes
C: spermatogonia, type A

The connective tissue layer that wraps the three cylinders of erective tissue together in the penis is the
A: interstitium
B: rete testis
C: tunica albuginea
D: tunica vaginalis

In the female reproductive system, epithelial cells with cilia are located in the:
A: corpus albicans
B: uterine cervix
C: uterine tube
D: vagina

Following ovulation, the remnant of the ovarian follicle which released the oocyte is called the:
A: acrosome cap
B: corpus luteum
C: first polar body
D: peg cell

The layer of the uterus that contains the spiral arteries is the:
A: endometrium
B: myometrium
C: perimetrium

During the maturation of the ovarian follicle, the layer of cells immediately adjacent to the oocyte are called the:
A: corpus albicans
B: granulosa cells
C: theca interna
D: zona pellucida

All of the following structures are located within or suspended by the broad ligament EXCEPT ONE. which one is the exception?
A: ovary
B: uterine tube
C: uterus
D: vagina

Ovulation is produced by a surge of
A: estrogen
B: HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)
C: LH (luteinizing hormone)
D: progesterone

All the following cells of skin are found only in the basal layer of the epidermis EXCEPT ONE. which one is the exception?
A: keratinocytes
B: langerhans cells
C: melanocytes
D: merkel cells
E: all of the above are found in the basal layer of the epidermis

The type of hair found on an adult that is short and fine is termed:
A: lango
B: terminal
C: vellus

Skin color is determined by all the following pigments EXCEPT ONE. which one is the exception?
A: carotene
B: keratin
C: melanin
D: oxyhemoglobin

The hair follicle is a modification of the:
A: arrector pili
B: Dermis
C: epidermis

The efferent arteriole of the glomerulus:
A: actively reabsorbs Na+
B: drains directly into the arcuate vein
C: flows into the peritubular capillaries associated with the arterial portal system of the kidney
D: hall tall microvilli

A secondary follicle contains an antrum filled with fluid secreted from which cell type?
A: granulosa cell
B: oocyte
C: peg cell
D: theca interna cell

Layer of the cells in the skin immediately adjacent to the basal layer is the:
A: corneal layer
B: granular layer
C: lucid layer
D: spinous layer

The type of sweat gland that are located in the axillary and perineal regions is classified as:
A: apocrine glands
B: eccrine glands
C: holocrine glands

Aquaporins are important cellular structure in the kidney. Which epithelium would you expect to contain numerous aquaporins?

The collecting ducts play and important role in concentrating urine because of the presence of which of the following features of collecting ducts?

TRUE OR FALSE: the distal convoluted tubule passes adjacent to the afferent arteriole of the renal corpuscle

The renin that activates the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system is secreted in the:

The hormone aldosterone acts on which portion of the nephron to retain water in the body?

All the following structures are located within the spermatic cord EXCEPT ONE. which structure is the EXCEPTION?
A: ductus deferens
B: pampiniform venous plexus
C: testicular artery
D: tunica albuginea

The bulbospongiosus muscle:

Residual bodies are:
A: composed of unneeded cytoplasm
B: phagocytosized by Sertoli cells
C: produced from spermatids
D: all of the above

Efferent ductules absorb water

The anterior pituitary secretes FSH which acts on which cells in the testis?

Fructose and clotting factors are two substances secreted by the

The musculoskeletal system that forms the lower limb is derived from which embryonic tissue:

Large amounts of progesterone are secreted in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle resulting in a maximum thickness of the endometrium. Progesterone is produced by the:

The majority of lymph from the right breast drains to the:

FSH acts on the ovary to stimulate which follicular cells to first differentiate into:

True/False: Lymphatic drainage of the human breast drains, in part, to the contralateral breast

The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer that forms between the:

Sperm activating factors are secreted by:

The myometrium during late pregnancy exhibits:

All of the following cells of the skin are found only in the epidermis EXCEPT ONE. which cell type is the exception?
A. Keratinocytes
B. Langerhans cells→ bc it migrates to lymph nodes
C. Melanocytes
D. Merkel cells

True/False: melanin is found only within melanocytes

True/False: there are tactile (touch) receptors in the epidermis

Sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles are classified as what type of gland?

While keratinocytes develop from the epidermis, other cells migrate into the epidermis. Which of the following cells migrate into the epidermis but reside only in the basal layer?

The infection spread from the renal pelvis into the medulla of the kidney by passing through the:

The urethra passes through which zone of the prostate gland?

The affected distal straight tubules normally consist of a:

True/False: the ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland

The specialization of the epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule is:

The majority of the water filtered in the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed in the

The sphincter muscle for the male urethra is located in the:

True/false: The thin ascending loop of the nephron reabsorbs water

The cells in the testis that secrete inhibin are the:

Placental blood vessels of the prenate are bathed in maternal blood locared in vascular lacunae or the endometrium. These vascular lacunae are formed by:

The filtrate in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle exits the space via the:

The blood-testis barrier to prevent an autoimmune attack is formed by adjacent:

The of the penis is covered by which muscle?

Ejaculation in a male is caused by stimulation from:

The cellular layer of the ovarian follicle that acts like an endocrine gland and secretes the precursor of estrogen is the:
A: corpus luteum
B: granulosa cell layer
C: theca interna
D: theca externa

Arrector pili muscles are innervated by:
A: parasympathetic nerves
B: sympathetic nerves
C: vagus nerve

The specialized cell located in the renal corpuscle is the

The epithelium of the thin descending limb of Helen’s loop is composed of

The epithelium that lines the thin ascending limb of Helen’s loop is classified as:

The ejaculatory duct is located within the:

The ductus deferens is a continuation of the:

The arterial blood to the endometrium passes through the

The epithelium lining the passageway between the cervix of the uterus and the outside world is a:

The epithelium lining the bronchi is derived from which embryonic tissue of the trilaminar disc?
A. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Mesenchyme
D. Mesoderm

The lining of the bladder is derived from which of the three embryonic tissues?

The type I collagen fibers found in the interstitial tissues of the testis are produced by:
A. Fibroblasts
B. Interstitial (Leydig) cells
C. Peg cells
D. Plasma cells

Layer of the skin in which cells appear flat, lack a nucleus and have a large number of keratin filaments is the

The type of connective tissue proper immediately adjacent to the epithelium (papillary layer of skin) is most likely to be:
A. Dense irregular CT
B. Dense regular CT
C. Loose CT

Which type of capillary would you expect to see in the kidney?

The broad ligament:
A: contains the arteries and veins traveling to the uterus
B: is a double layer of peritoneum
C: contains the uterine tube
D: all of the above

The renal corpuscles are located in the renal:

The juxtaglomerular cells are located adjacent to the macula densa and:

The kidney is located

The antrum of a developing follicle is first seen in the:

The epithelium that lines the spongy urethra is classified as:

The myometrium is composed of which type of muscle

The jugular venous distension would suggest restricted blood flow into the:
Right side of the heart
Left side of the heart

Asbestos material that is deposited in the bronchi would be embedded in what type of epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous

The small asbestos particles that reached the interstitium of bronchioles and the alveolar region would result in an increase in what type of defense cell?
Macrophages
Clara cells
Ciliated epithelial cells
Type I pneumocytes

Assistance in inspiration of air would be provided by which muscle
Internal intercostal
Rectus abdominis
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversus thoracis

The increased heart rate was produced by autonomic motor innervation provided by the:
Glossopharyngeal
Phrenic
Thoracic sympathetic
Vagus

The location of pneumonia of the middle lobe indicates which lung has pneumonia?
Left
Right

The fibrosis (scarring) in the interstitium is a result of inflammation and abnormal deposition of ECM, primarily collagen. The collagen is secreted by:
Chondroblasts
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells

The pleural plaque identified would be on the pleura classified as:
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) from the affected areas of the lungs would travel to nearby lymph nodes. Which cells in the lymph nodes would be activated by the APCs.
B-lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Mast cells
T-lymphocytes

The patient’s cough is produced by the contraction of the diaphragm and bronchoconstriction of the smooth muscle in the airways. The smooth muscle of the airways has autonomic motor innervation provided by the:
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Phrenic nerve
Thoracic sympathetic nerves
Vagus nerve