1What important contribution did Anton van Leeuwenhoek make to the development of the cell theory?
- He invented more powerful microscopes and was the first to describe the diversity of cells.
- He articulated that all organisms are made of cells.
- He invented the first microscope and saw the first cell.
- He articulated that all cells come from preexisting cells.
2Which of the following best describes the central dogma of biology?
- Proteins contain the genetic information that codes for all molecules in the body.
- DNA codes for RNA, which in turn codes for proteins.
- DNA is made up of a double helix.
- Every person has the exact same sequence of bases in their DNA.
3How is genetic information preserved during the copying of DNA?
- Genetic information is preserved in the linear sequence of the building blocks A, T, G, and C.
- The information is preserved because DNA codes for RNA, which codes for protein.
- The information in DNA is copied into RNA, which is used as a template to copy back to DNA.
- Genetic information is preserved by base pairing between A and T and between G and C across the two strands of the double helix.
4Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?
- Traits change throughout the life span of an organism and are then passed on to the offspring, which makes the offspring more successful.
- The only determinant of whether an organism will be successful is its genetic code, which determines its reproductive success.
- In a given environment, specific versions of heritable traits help individuals survive better and reproduce more than other versions of those traits.
- Drift in the alleles present in a population determines how successful the individuals of those species are in a given environment.
5Natural selection acts only on traits that are ___.
Heritable
6Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________.
- protists eat bacteria
- bacteria decompose protists
- bacteria cannot generate their own ATP, protists can
- protists lack the genetic diversity that bacteria have
- protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
7What does it mean to say that experimental conditions are controlled?
- There is no difference in outcome between the control and experimental treatment.
- All physical conditions except for one are identical for all groups tested.
- The null hypothesis is correct.
- The test groups consist of the same individuals.
8What would researchers have to demonstrate to convince you that they had discovered life on another planet?
- They would need to show the entity can move, can reproduce, contains mineral elements, and has a brain.
- They would need to show that the entity has DNA as its building blocks, contains carbon, and utilizes ATP.
- They would need to show that the entity they discovered is cellular, replicates, processes information, acquires and uses energy, and has evolving populations.
- They would have to show that the organism reproduces sexually.
9One part of the cell theory states that all cells come from _____.
Preexisting Cells
10What is the advantage of the organismal naming system that Linnaeus developed?
- The genus name is different for closely related species.
- The species name is the same for each organism in a genus.
- Two different organisms have the same genus and species name if they are closely related.
- Two different organisms never end up with the same genus and species name.
115 Biological Characteristics
Cells, Replication, Information, Energy, Evolution
12Three unifying ideas in all of science
Cell Theory, Chromosome Theory of Inheritance, Theory of Evolution
13A testable statment to explain a set of observations.
Hypothesis
14A powerful scientific tool that allows researcher to test the effect of a single, well defined factor on a particular phenomenon.
Experiment
15The belief that generation just simply appears.
Spontaneous Generation
16The beleif that all cells are produced when preexisting cells grow and divide.
Cell Theory
17Describes the flow of information in cells. DNA codes for RNA which codes for Proteins
Central Dogma
18Molecular machinery in cellls that makes a copy of a particular gene's information.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
19The evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species.
Speciation
20An individuals ability to produce viable offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population.
Fitness
21A heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to an individual's lacking that trait.
Adaptation
22An organism whose cells contain a nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and an extensive cytoskeleton.
Eukaryotes
23A member of the domain Bacteria or Archaea whose a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and containing relatively few organelles or cytoskeletal components.
Prokaryotes
24Single-celled microorganisms with structure similar to bacteria
Archaea
25The effort to name and classify organisms
Taxonomy