1Covalent bonds are due to the sharing of _____.
Electrons
2Atoms of a specific element always have a constant number of _____.
Protons
3The hydrogen bonds among water molecules endow water with which property?
- Water has low cohesion.
- Water is a good solvent for nonpolar molecules.
- Solid water (ice) is denser than liquid water.
- Water has a high specific heat.
4Which kinds of bonds are present in a single water molecule?
- Hydrogen bonds
- Ionic bonds
- Polar covalent bonds
- Nonpolar covalent bonds
5The first law of thermodynamics states that _____.
- reactions must be endothermic
- during reactions entropy tends to decrease
- spontaneous reactions require an input of energy
- energy is neither created nor destroyed
6Which functional group contains nitrogen?
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Carboxyl
- Hydroxyl
7What factors determine whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous or not?
(Select all that apply.)
- potential energy
- mechanical energy
- heat
- entropy
- kinetic energy
8What type of energy is stored in the chemical bonds of a molecule?
- Potential energy
- Kinetic energy
- Equilibrium energy
- Thermal energy
9What are the four most common atoms found in living organisms?
Hydrgen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen
10The bond that is shared when 2 atoms share electrons.
Covalent Bond
11How strong an atom pulls electrons toward itself when bodning with another atom.
Electronegativity
12In a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are shared ______ between the atoms involved in the bond.
13In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared______ between the atoms involved in the bond.
14A cation is an atom that has a full _____charge.
15An anion is an atom that has a full _____ charge.
16How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make?
4
17Water Loving
Hydrophilic
18Water-Hating
Hydrophobic