1What is grey matter?
It is a type of tissues in the brain and spinal cord CNS that plays a crucial role in allowing the function of the CNS to occur
2What is white matter?
It is the network of nerve fibres that serves to allow the exchange of information and communication between different areas of grey matter
3What is difference between grey matter and white matter?
Grey matter consists of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites. The dendrites are short protrusions (like little fingers) that communicate with neurons close by. In contrast, your white matter consists of the long axons of neurons that transmit impulses to more distant regions of your brain and spinal cord.
4What is the bumps in the brain called?
The gyri
5What is sulci described as?
Depressions in the external surfaces of the brain
6What is the longitudinal fissure?
The deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
7What is the central sulcus?
Marks the dividing line between the frontal and parietal lobes,
8What is the lateral sulcus?
It is a deep groove located along the surface of the cerebral cortex.
9On a side view of the brain draw the lines of the following: latereal sulcus, central sulcus, post central gyrus and precentral gyrus
Check Week 2 page 1 onenote
10What is the corpus callosum?
It is to serve as a conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other
11Draw the lobes of the brain?
Should have frontal, parietal, temporal, cerebellum and occipital
12What is the function of the frontal cortex?
The performance of motor tasks, judgment, abstract thinking, creativity, and maintaining social appropriateness.
13What is the function of the parietal cortex?
It is for receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain
14What is the function of the temporal cortex?
The processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory
15What is the function of the occipital?
The responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion
16What if the primary motor cortex is damaged?
The motor function if damaged they will have less motor function
17What if the primary somatosensory cortex is damaged?
The sensation if comprised they wouldn't feel different sensations
18What if the primary auditory cortex is damaged?
If the damage is done here they will have trouble with any auditory information coming to the brain
19What if the primary visual cortex is damaged?
If damaged they will have problem with visual information might get blindness or sight problems
20Where is the insula lobe?
It is located deep within the lateral sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes
21What happens if Broca's area is damaged?
A person will struggle to verbalize
22What happens if Wernicke's area is damaged?
A person will struggle to understand the information
23What are the three different fibres white matter can be divided into and in order?
The Projection fibres, Commissural fibres and Association fibres
24Where can the diencephalon located?
It can be found on top of the brainstem
25What is the main function of the third ventricle?
The third ventricle helps to protect the brain from trauma and injury.
26Where can the third ventricle located?
It can be found between the diencephalon
27What are the components of the diencephalon?
The diencephalon can be divided into four components: thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
28What is the purpose of thalamus?
It's purpose is the relay centre
29What is the purpose of hypothalamus?
It controls the pituitary gland which regulates hormones
30What is the purpose of subthalamus?
It relates to the basal ganglia for motor control
31What is the purpose of epithalamus?
It controls the circadian rhthm and sexual repoduction
32What is the superior directional terms mean?
Above or higher in position
33What is the inferior directional terms mean?
Away from the head
34What is the posterior directional terms mean?
Toward the back or rear of the body
35What is the anterior directional terms mean?
Toward the front or forward-facing side of the body
36What is the rostral directional terms mean?
Toward the front of the brain
37What is the caudal directional terms mean?
Toward the back of the brain
38What is the ventral directional terms mean?
Toward the lower side of the body
39What is the dorsal directional terms mean?
Toward the upper side of the body
40What is the purpose of the brainstem?
It control breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep.
41Where is the brainstem located between?
The brain and the spinal cord
42What are the three structures into which the brain stem can be divided?
The brain stem can be divided into the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
43What structures does the brainstem contain, and where are they located?
The brainstem contains cranial nerve nuclei, which are situated in various parts of the brainstem
44What are cerebral peduncles?
Cerebral peduncles are white matter tracts that connect the brain to the brain stem.
45Label the areas of the brainstem?
Should have midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord
46what is a mnemonics to remember the cranial nerves in order?
Oh, Oh, Oh, To, Touch, And, Feel, Virgin, Girls, Vagina, Ah, Heaven
47Name the 12 cranial nerves in order?
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
48What are the cranial nerves that relate to the midbrain?
Cranial nerves: III and IV
49What are the cranial nerves that relate to the pons?
Cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII
50What are the cranial nerves that relate to the medulla?
Cranial nerves: IX, X, XI, XII
51What is the role of cranial nerve 1 and what function does it serve?
The olfactory is sensory nerve and its function is related to smell
52What is the role of cranial nerve 2 and what function does it serve?
The optic nerve is sensory nerve and responsible for transmitting visual information between the brain and the eye
53What is the role of cranial nerve 3 and what function does it serve?
The oculomotor nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the muscles responsible for moving the eyeball
54What is the role of cranial nerve 4 and what function does it serve?
The trochlear nerve is motor nerve and it's function is to abduction of the eyeball
55What is the role of cranial nerve 5 and what function does it serve?
The trigeminal nerve is a mixed cranial nerve with three branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular). Its main functions include blinking, chewing, and swallowing
56What is the role of cranial nerve 6 and what function does it serve?
The abducens nerve is a motor nerve and innervates muscles that aid in eyeball movement
57What is the role of cranial nerve 7 and what function does it serve?
The facial nerve serves as both a motor and sensory nerve, primarily involved in facial expression and mastication. It has five branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical
58What is the role of cranial nerve 8 and what function does it serve?
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a sensory nerve responsible for balance and hearing. It comprises two branches: the vestibular branch, which relates to balance, and the cochlear branch, which is involved in hearing
59What is the role of cranial nerve 9 and what function does it serve?
The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve and contributes to muscle control around the pharynx area and receiving taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, as well as facilitating saliva relea
60What is the role of cranial nerve 10 and what function does it serve?
The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve and its function aids in swallowing, gag reflex, and taste perception
61What is the role of cranial nerve 11 and what function does it serve?
The accessory nerve is motor nerve and its function is the spinal accessory nerve (innervating C1-C5) and its other function is involving moving or shrugging the shoulders.
62What is the role of cranial nerve 12 and what function does it serve?
The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve responsible for innervating muscles involved in tongue movement.
63What is a mnemonics to remember the cranial nerves types?
Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most
64What is the function of the limbic lobe?
Its function it to process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning