Week 4

Its the ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile and /or structure

Habituation is the process of becoming less sensitive to a stimulus after repeated exposure

Long-term Potentiation (LTP) is operationally defined as a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy following high-frequency stimulation of afferent fibers

Long-term Depression (LTD) is the phenomenon by which synapses become less efficient in transmitting neuronal signals

Cortical Remapping refers to the brain’s ability to change its neural pathways and organization, adapting to new information, experiences, or injury

Motor learning refers to the acquisition of motor skills, including the reacquisition of skills following injury, disease, or similar conditions

Long-term potentiation (LTP) involves the conversion of silent synapses into active synapses, potentially leading to new learning. It is particularly relevant in rehabilitation post-stroke

Long-term depression (LTD) is the conversion of an active synapse into a silent synapse, resulting in the weakening of pathways. LTD may aid in refining movement by decreasing unnecessary motor activity

Recovery of synaptic effectiveness occurs with the reduction in local edema, which previously interfered with action potential conduction

Denervation hypersensitivity happens when destruction of a presynaptic neuron deprives a postsynaptic neuron of adequate neurotransmitter supply. The postsynaptic neuron develops new receptors at the remaining terminals

Synaptic hypereffectiveness arises when only some branches of a presynaptic axon are destroyed. The remaining axon branches receive all the neurotransmitter that would normally be shared among the terminals, leading to the release of larger-than-normal amounts of transmitter onto postsynaptic receptors

Unmasking of silent synapses occurs when previously unused synapses become active due to injury to other pathways, revealing their function in the nervous system

Neurons in the CNS cannot regenerate because they do not undergo regeneration processes, resulting in cell death

n the PNS, nerves have the capability to regenerate if they are damaged or die. This is attributed to the quicker and more efficient clearance of debris from damaged axons and the presence of additional myelinated cells that aid in axon regeneration in the PNS compared to the CNS

Wallerian degeneration

Wallerian degeneration is a process in which the axon terminal degenerates, leading to breakdown of myelin and formation of debris. Additionally, the cell body undergoes changes, the presynaptic terminal retracts, and the postsynaptic cells degenerate.

1. Peripheral nerve is injured
2. SC demyelinate and turn into repair SC
3. The part of the axon distal to cell body breaks down
4. the debre is cleared
5. After the clearing takes place rengeration tracks are placed down
6. SC promote axonal growth
7. The axon has regenerated

If you have a skill and you don't do it anymore you lose it

If you practise something you will get better at it

To train the thing you want to get better at

The new skill need to be practise again and again and again

The training needed to have a good intensity in order for improvement to be made

After an injury, the brain really wants to recover, so it makes sense that the earlier you provide the opportunity for recovery through these neuroplastic changes, the better.

Training is meaningful to someone

Better for younger than older people

Being better at one skill to help better improve skills on the same branch like learning 3rd and 4th language when they have already learnt 2 languages

Training a few different things at the same time for better learning