biochem m2 lec

Heterogenous group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water & soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
(chloroform, carbon tetrafluoride and diethyl ether)

An important long-term source of energy

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Naturally occur in mostly plants, animals, microorganisms and utilized as components of the cell nucleus, energy storage molecules, insulation & hormones.
Composed of: Glycerin + Fatty acid

Organic Solvents Example

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Why are they insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents? These are solutes that has long chains of non-polar bonds.
These non-polar bonds are easily dissolved in oil
or grease.

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in the characteristics of lipids ,

Sparingly soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
Make up the membranes of the cell .
Energy-rich molecules mostly made up of hydrocarbons (main component) fatty acids, glycerol, sphingosine and sterol are its secondary building block

what is the function of lipids

describes the enrgy source of lipids

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most energy stored in the body is in the form of lipids.
Fat cells known as adipocytes are a particularly rich source of energy for the body.

what are the Cell Membrane Structural Components

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Members components are considered to be water repellant or they are hydrophobic.
All but there are parts of
it that are hydrophilic but most are hydrophobic.

What biomolecule or macromolecule is water loving/ Water soluble?

are considered as critical chemical message (allows communication between tissues).

They allow tissues of the body to communicate with each other

play a major role in the regulation of several critical biological processes.

serves as a carrier of lipid-soluble vitamins.

serve as shock absorber or protective layer for the vital organs.

fat stored beneath the skin serves to insulate the body from extremes of cold temperature.

Vital component of lipids

Monomer unit or the basic unit of lipids.

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in fatty acids

Consist of Oxygen and hydrogen, arranged as a linear carbon chain skeleton of variable length, generally with an even number of
atoms with a carboxyl (COOH, hydrophilic) at one end.
Termed as “fatty acid” due to its isolation from naturally occurring acids.

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in saturated fatty acids

Chemical composition: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Chemical structure: hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group

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in fatty acids

Carbon-carbon bonds within the hydrocarbon chain: ONLY single carbon (c-c) bonds
Hydrocarbon chains are characteristics of alkenes

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in fatty acids
“shape” of hydrocarbon chain: linear not fully extended
Physical state at room temperature: liquid

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in saturated fatty acids
Melting point for two FA’s of the same hydrocarbon chain length: lower
Relationship between melting point and chain length: longer chain length = higher melting point.

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in unsaturated fatty acids

Chemical composition: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Chemical structure: hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group

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in unsaturated fatty acids
Carbon-carbon bonds within the hydrocarbon chain: carbon double bonds (c=c)
Hydrocarbon chains are characteristic of what group of hydrocarbons: alkenes

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in unsaturated fatty acids
“shape” of hydrocarbon chain: bend carbon chain at site of c-c triple bond
Physical state at room temperature: solid

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in unsaturated fatty acids

Melting point for two FA’s of the same hydrocarbon chain length: higher
Relationship between melting point and chain length: longer chain length = lower melting point.

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Saturated Fatty Acids Fatty acids with a carbon chain which all carbon-carbon bonds are double bonds.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Fatty acids with a carbon chain in which there is a presence of one carbon-carbon double bond.

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in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with a carbon chain in which there is a presence of two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
Up to 10 double bonds are found in biochemically important PUFA

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in Physical Properties of Fatty Acids in terms of water Solubility

Long chain FA are essentially soluble in water as the hydrocarbon (hydrophobic) completely dominates solubility considerations .
Short chain FA are slightly soluble in water due to the polarity of the carboxyl group present

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For saturated FA, when carbon length decreases, melting point increases.
For unsaturated FA, melting point increases as degree of unsaturation increases

Energy sored lipids

Membrane lipids

Emulsification lipids

Messenger lipids

Protective-coating lipids

what are the Saponifiable Lipids

what are the Nonsaponifiable Lipids

Most abundant type of lipid present in the body.

a simple triacylglycerol formed from the esterification of glycerol with three identical FA
molecules.

triester formed from the esterification of glycerol with more than one kind of FA molecule.
Most Biochemically important TAGs are mixed TAGs.

Dominated by Saturated Fatty Acids

Dominated by Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated acids.

Are the most abundant type of membrane lipid