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46 flashcardsby Philip
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1
t is a chemical reaction that occur in the body to
maintain life.
METABOLISM
2
Breaks down organic matter
Catabolism
3
It uses energy to build up or
construct components of cells
such a proteins and nucleic
acids.
Anabolism
4
DRUG METABOLISM aka
biotransformation
5
Their pharmacologically active parent
compounds become detoxicated.
Inactive
Metabolites
6
in Inactive Metabolites Hydrolysis of procaine to paminobenzoic acid and diethylamine results in
loss of anesthetic acivity
7
in Inactive Metabolites Oxidation of 6-mercaptopurine to 6-
mercatopuric acid results in
anticancer activity
8
Retain the pharmacologic activity of
their parent compounds to a greater
or lesser degree
Metabolites
that retain
similar
activity
9
what is the chemical reaction of procaine
hydrolysis
10
what is the chemical reaction of 6 mercaptopurine
oxidation
11
what is the chemical reaction of imipramine
demethylated
12
what is the chemical reaction of acetohexamide
reduced
13
what is the chemical reaction of codeine
demethylated
14
what is the chemical reaction of antidepressant iproniazid
dealkylated
15
what is the chemical reaction of vitamin a
isomerized
16
what is the chemical reaction of vitamin retinoic acid
isomerized
17
what is the chemical reaction of enalapril
hydrolyzed
18
what is the chemical reaction of sulindac
reduced
19
what is the chemical reaction of antiparkinsonian Levodopa
decarboxylated
20
what is the therapeutic and product of procaine
para amino benzoic acid + diethylamine = loss of anesthetic
21
what is the therapeutic and product of 6 mecaptopurine
6 mecaptopuric acid = loss of anticancer
22
what is the therapeutic and product of imipramine
desipramine = antidepressant
23
what is the therapeutic and product of acetohexamide
1 hydoxyhexamide = more hypoglycemic
24
what is the therapeutic and product of iproniazifd
isoniazid= antitubercular
25
what is the therapeutic and product of vitamin retinoic acid
isotretinoin acid = anti acne agent
26
what is the therapeutic and product of enalapril
enalaprilat = potent antihypertensive
27
what is the therapeutic and product of sulindac
sulfide
28
what is the therapeutic and product of antiparkinsonian Levodopa
dopamine
29
Develop different activity from that
of their parent compound
Metabolites
with altered
activity
30
Pharmacologically inactive parent
compounds are converted to active
species within the body.
Bioactivated
metabolites
31
parent compound aka
prodrugs
32
in oxidation Majority occurs in the _____
liver
33
6 mammalian families are involved in the ______ and bile _____ metabolism: and innumerate the 6 mammalian families
steroid and bile acid, CYP7, CYP11, CYP17, CYP21, CYP27
34
4 mammalian families are involved in _______ or _____: and innumerate the 4 mamalian
xenobiotics or drug, CYP1, CYP2, CYOP3, CYP4
35
phase 1 in oxidation,it is Catalyzed by __________ bound to smooth ER of the liver and require both _______ and a _______
cytochrome P450

,NADPH, porphyrin prosthetic group.
36
Enzyme responsible for transferring an Oxygen atom
to the substrate is called
cytochrome P450
37
Plays a vital role in oxidation of lipophilic xenobiotics
CYTOCHROME P-450
38
Metabolizes almost unlimited
number of diverse substrates by
a
variety
of
oxidative
transformation
CYTOCHROME P-450
39
CYTOCHROME P-450 is located in
Endoplasmic Reticulum
40
Bacteria in the GIT are involved in the ______ and ______
reductions.
Azo , nitro
41
To create more polar functional groups that can be
eliminated in the urine
reduction
42
Addition of water across a bond resulting a more
polar metabolites.
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
43
nonspecific and catalyze de-esterification, hydrolyzing
nonpolar to 2 polar, more water soluble compounds;
alcohol & aci; prodrugs into active forms
Esterase enzymes
44
amides into amines and acids (deamination), occurs in
the liver
Amidase enzymes
45
what are the common endogenous ?
sulfate, glycine , glucoronic acid
46
Most conjugates are very polar resulting in __________
rapid drug
elimination
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