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types of drug kinitics

describe reactions where the rate is not affected by the concentration of the drug used.

The rate of metabolism/elimination remains constant and is independent of the concentration of a drug.

The rate of metabolism/elimination is directly proportional to the plasma concentration of a drug.

, a plot of the natural logarithm of the concentration of a reactant versus time is a straight line with a slope of -k.

is the relationship between the concentrations of species and the rate of a reaction.

is the exponent to which the concentration of the species is raised and it indicates to what extent the concentration of a species affects the rate of a reaction, as well as which species has the greatest effect.

means that the rate is independent of the concentration of a particular reactant. Enough concentration must be present to allow the equilibrium mixture to form.

Describing drug behavior in the body

In general, drugs will be inactivated or
biotransformedaccording to one of the two general
chemistry principles:

the velocity with which it occurs

is the velocity with which the reaction occurs.

Rate Order Kinetics depends on?

o the way in which the concentration of drug or reactants influences the rate of a chemical reaction or process.

o The amount of drug eliminated for each time interval is constant regardless of the amountin the body

O The amount of drug in the body does change with the amount or concentration of the drug in the body but the fraction removed varies.

o The amount of drug eliminated over a certain time period increases as the amount of drug in the body increases.

-The period of time required for the amount or concentration of a drug to decrease by 1/2 or 50%

half life depends on?

- Half-life is not constant

-Half-life is a constant

are chemicals, specific molecules,molecule complexes or parts of these, which binds the drugchemically and the complex exerts pharmacological action.

macromolecular component of a cell in which a drug interacts to produce a response. (usually a protein)

specific areas of cell membrane.

Receptor is analogous to a switch in that it has two configurations:

drug receptor is known to be located on the ?

4 Types of Protein Receptors

4 Regulatory proteins that interact with drug or
hormones &initiate a cellular response.

2 Acts as transducer proteins.

4 theories

in hypothesis of clark Chemical Binding follow the

the pharmacological effect depends on the
percentage ofreceptors occupied.

- in the bio-phase may initiate responses by altering the permeability of membranes, by interfering with transport mechanisms, by modifying templates, or by acting on enzymes.

2 Chemical Messengers

Chemicals released from nerve endings which travel across a nerve synapse to bind with receptors on target cells, such as muscle cells or another nerve. Usually short lived and responsible for messages between individual cells

Chemicals released from cells or glands and which travel some distance to bind with receptors on target cells throughout the body

allows the agonist to bind to receptors.

- allows the bound agonist to activateor turn on its receptor function.

4 Binding of a drug to a receptor is determined by the ff.

agonist have both

a measure to efficacy

ability of a bound drug to change the receptor in a way that produces ar effect:some drugs possess affinity but NOT efficacy.

- measure of propensity of a drug to bind
receptor;the attractiveness of drug and receptor.

2 properties of drug

2 Factors Governing Drug Action

2 Properties of Biological System

magniude of effect aka

2 Determinants of Response

3 Graded Dose Response Curves

2 types of agonist drug

2 types of antagonist

4 types of antagonist

3 types of antagonist