psy 1-1

Which of the following is TRUE of local neurons?

Hyperpolarization is:

The all-or-none law states that:

The membrane of a neuron is specialized to:

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?

When the neuronal membrane is at rest, the sodium channels:

What will affect the speed of an action potential?

What is one major cause for the resting potential of a neuron's membrane?

The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to:

What is meant by the term "concentration gradient" with respect to neurons?

How does saltatory conduction affect energy use in a neuron?

Stimulus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold. Stimulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. What can we expect to happen?

What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative potential?

A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neuron's membrane would:

The neuron will produce an action potential only if the depolarization exceeds what level?

Which of the following is NOT true for sodium ions when the cell is at resting potential?

The sodium-potassium pump, repeatedly transports ____ sodium ions out of the cell while drawing ____ potassium ions into it.

Which of the following describes the transmission of information in a local neuron?

The resting potential of a neuron refers to:

According to the all-or-none law:

After the peak of an action potential, what prevents sodium ions from continuing to enter the cell?

Just after the peak of the action potential, what movement of ions restores the membrane to approximately the resting potential?

What disease is related to the destruction of myelin sheaths?

When the potential across a membrane reaches threshold, the sodium channels:

The all-or-none law applies to:

What will NOT affect the speed of an action potential?

Negatively charged ions like ____ are mostly located outside the cell.

Which of the following would produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Which of the following describes selective permeability?

Concentration gradients lead to what kind of movements?

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

Saltatory conduction ____ the velocity of action potentials, and ____ the amount of energy used by the neuron.

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to:

The sodium-potassium pump, repeatedly transports three ____ ions out of the cell while drawing two ____ ions into it.

Which of the following is an advantage of having a resting potential?

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, which of the following molecules crosses through it MOST slowly?

In what way is a myelinated axon that has lost its myelin (through disease) different from an axon that was never myelinated?

The presence of an all-or-none law suggests that neurons can only convey different messages by changing their:

During the relative refractory period:

Which of the following actions would depolarize a neuron?

To what does saltatory conduction refer?

What is the approximate resting potential of the inside of a neuron's membrane, relative to the outside?

At the peak of the action potential, the electrical gradient:

The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.

How is the speed of an action potential down an unmyelinated axon BEST described?

Which two factors will affect the speed of an action potential?

Scorpion venom attacks the nervous system by:

Allowing only certain people to cross the street, and only at certain times. is comparable to a neuron's ____ with respect to ions.

If depolarization is less than the cell's threshold:

At what point do the sodium gates start to allow sodium into the neuron?

Which of the following represents the all-or-none law?

Multiple sclerosis is one of several:

What happens once an action potential starts?

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

The selectivity of a neuron membrane is analogous to?

The myelin sheath is interrupted periodically by short sections of axon called?

What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?

Which feature of a neuron limits the number of action potentials it can produce per second?

When the neuronal membrane is at rest, the potassium channels:

The action potential of a neuron depends mostly on what movement of ions?

What is the difference in voltage called that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?

A drug that decreases the flow of potassium through the potassium gates of the membrane would:

When you state that the neuron's membrane is polarized, you are referring to a difference in electrical potential between:

A drug would prevent an action potential if it:

Which of the following is NOT governed by the all-or-none law?

What tends to open the sodium gates across a neuron's membrane?

A neuron's sodium gates are firmly closed and the membrane cannot produce an action potential during:

Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their:

When the neuron is at rest, what is responsible for moving potassium ions into the cell?

The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the:

In a myelinated axon, where are sodium gates abundant?

If there is a depolarizing effect on a neuron, the result will be that the neuron will fire:

When the neuron is at rest, what is responsible for moving sodium ions out of the cell?

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

Where do most action potentials begin?

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

In the normal course of an action potential:

Under what conditions is it impossible for a stimulus to produce an action potential?

If you were to stub your toe and feel the pressure a second or two before you feel the pain, then which of the following statements is most likely true?

Ordinarily, stimulation of a neuron takes place:

The presence of myelin and the diameter of the axon:

Electrical gradients lead to what kind of movements?

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches what level?

Which of the following events would increase the concentration gradient of sodium?

During the entire course of events from the start of an action potential until the membrane returns to its resting potential, what is the net movement of ions?

A local neuron:

What happens to the ion gates when the membrane of a neuron starts to be depolarized?

What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly closer to zero?

Why are local neurons more difficult to study?

The resting potential of the inside of a neuron's membrane is approximately?

The function of a myelin sheath is to:

Suppose we applied a drug to a neuron that caused its sodium gates to suddenly open wide. What would happen?

The concentration gradient refers to:

In what direction does a local neuron transmit information?

Local anesthetic drugs, such as Novocain, work by:

When the neuron is at rest, what is responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close, shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?