1**when can you see bacteria in a newborn
a few hours after birth
2mucosal surface microflora
low colony bc desquamation, except tongue
3why are teeth a novel habitat for microbial colony
only non-shedding surface that bac can attach and develop biofilms to
4earliest colonizers of oral microflora
strep salivarius
strep miti
strep oralis
5**main route of transmission of organisms
saliva
6reducing carriage of mutans strep in moms can
prevent transmission of them to fetus >delay caries
7what is the climax community
oral microflora increases in diversity until stability (will have minor perturbations)
8**normal oral microflora acts as
barrier to permanent colonization by transient organisms
9mechanisms for colonization resistance
inhibitory factor production
saturation of att sites
create unfavorable conditions
effective competition for nuts
10what sugar in particular generates low pH
sucrose; inhibits growth of beneficial bacteria
11biofilm development steps
pellicle > attachment of early colos > co-adh and microcolo > inc species diversity > climax comm/mature biofilm
12what is the pellicle
acellular proteinaceous film, contains salivary glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, lipids, remnants of cell walls
13** pellicle role
restrict transport of ions in/out of dental hard tissue! impt in caries
14**initial interaction between bact and pellicle coated surf
long range, weak, nonspecific (VDW)
15**later interaction bt bact and pellicle coated surf
specific, short range due to adhesins
16**what bacteria doesnt contribute to early biofilm
strep mutans
17initial colonizers of biofilm
s sanguinis
s oralis
s mitis
18growth rate of biofilm fastest during
early stages
19**microbial succession
population shifts from STREP dominated to PLAQUE dominated by ACTINOMYCES
20**pioneer bacteria create enviro that is
more attractive to 2ndary invaders OR
inc unfavorable to themselves
21what attaches to established pioneer species
2ndary colonizers; via adhesins
22**what is the bridging organism between early/late colonizers
f nucleatum
23what are bristle brushes or corn cob structures
adsorption of microbes from saliva; central filament coated with spherical organisms
24**what influences diffusion properties of biofilms
heterogeneous comp
FLUID FILLED CHANNELS AND VOIDS
25**biofilm sensitivity to antimicrobials
reduced
4x conc of MIC of CHX, only outer layer affected
10x more antimicrobial needed
500x MIC of amoxycillin/doxycycline
26**specific plaque hypothesis
for caries to develop, 2 factors always need to be in play: action of acids and action of germs
27**kochs postulates
criteria for microorganism to be considered etiology:
found in all cases of sz
organism should be grown on artificial media
pure subculture should produce dz
28true or false: mutans streptococci <> caries is absolute
false! not absolute
29what kind of infection is dental caries
endogenous or opportunistic
30**according to the specific plaque hypothesis,
avoid contact with pathogen; no saliva exchange between mother and child, no pacifiers or spoons in mothers mouth
31**ecological plaque hypothesis
only qualitative and quantitiative changes are pathological; primary reason is disturbance in homeostsis
recognizes mother-child transmit is impossible
emphasis on DIASEASE PROMOTING BEHAVIORS, restoring equilibrium
32why is freq consumption of fermentable carb a main pathogenic factor
streptococ and actinomyces can develop more enhanced acidogenic and aciduric phenotype