1is caries a single clinical entity
no; it is a continuum of clinical presentations ranging from:
barely perceptible
subclinical
clinical signs
clinical symptoms
2historically, clinical relevance of cariology
minimal and fragmented
3what is the keyes triad
3 factors essential for caries occurrence:
tooth
microbe
diet
4diet in keyes triad
well documented reduction in caries occurred without reducing significant reduction in sugar consumption
5microflora in keyes triad: rodent experiment showed that
caries = infectious and transmissible disease
6microflora in keyes triad: cariogenic pathogens
lactobacillus acidophilus, strep mutans
7mottled enamel from
developmental imperfections
8teeth afflicted by what stain were resistant to decay
colorado brown stain
9upon studying kids in Bauxite, what did McKay discover
high levels of water-borne fluoride caused discoloration of tooth enamel
10crucial discovery of fluoride by Trrendley Dean
fluoride levels up to 1.0ppm in drinking water does NOT cause enamel fluorosis in most; only mild in some
11what is caries
localized chemical dissolution by metabolic events in the biofilm
can develop wherever biofilm remains stagnant
12are there any teeth or surfaces that are more susceptible
NO; all tooth/surface are same susceptible to developing caries
13do all teeth surfaces develop caries at the same rate
NO; preferentially occur at "protected sites" where biofilms accumulate
14protected sites (where biofilm accumulate)
pits, grooves, and fissues; especially during eruption
approximal surfaces cervial to contact
along gingival margin
foreign body
15where do caries develop slower
areas near opening of major salivary glands; improved buffering protects against chemical dissolution
16what plays a role in determining which species colonize
local environment
17oral biofilm formation is
necessary, but NOT sufficient for caries
18one pathogen, one disease replaced by
microbial community
19main driver of ecosystem change in oral microbiome
frequent consumption of sugars; metabolism of sugars > low pH