Lesson 3.1 Reference Points

A point appropriately marked on the ground with an established horizontal and vertical position determined by precise geodetic control survey methods

Monuments that serve as references for subsequent and subordinate surveys, including property surveys

Another term used for reference points

The section of DAO 2007-29 that identifies the kinds of reference monuments

The general category of reference monuments that includes geodetic control monuments, BLLM, BLBM, political boundary monuments, triangulation stations, primary cadastral stations, friar lands and old survey monuments, and prominent permanent structures

The reference control monument established through geodetic control survey methods

The monument known as BLLM

The monument known as BLBM

The type of boundary monument used for provincial boundaries

The type of boundary monument used for city boundaries

The type of boundary monument used for municipal boundaries

The type of boundary monument used for barangay boundaries

The four types of Political Boundary Monuments

Stations established by Bureau of Lands/Land Management Services, BCGS/NAMRIA, United States Army Corps of Engineers, US Coast and Geodetic Survey, or other organizations whose work is of acknowledged standard

The organization that may establish triangulation stations together with Lands Management Services

The organization abbreviated as BCGS/NAMRIA that is listed among those that established triangulation stations

The organization whose triangulation work is included among acknowledged standard sources

The organization formerly known as the US Coast and Geodetic Survey that is listed as an organization establishing triangulation stations

The reference monuments consisting of the primary stations of approved cadastral surveys

The reference monuments associated with lands previously surveyed under friar lands surveys and old surveys

Permanent structures of known position that may serve as reference control monuments, including church towers and historical monuments

The general category of monuments used to mark the corners of lots

The standard monument used for marking a lot corner

A lot corner monument that may be used when it is part of a fence and has a diameter of at least 10 centimeters

A lot corner monument made of metal with an outside diameter of at least 2 centimeters

A living edible fruit tree that may serve as a lot corner monument when it is at least 15 centimeters in diameter

A tree belonging to the first group under Forestry Timber Classification that may serve as a lot corner monument when its diameter is 15–50 centimeters

The minimum diameter required for a living edible fruit tree to qualify as a lot corner monument

The allowable diameter range for trees belonging to the first group under Forestry Timber Classification when used as lot corner monuments

A portion of a masonry or concrete wall that may serve as a lot corner monument

A fixed natural object with an exposed surface of more than one meter in diameter that may serve as a lot corner monument

The minimum exposed surface diameter required for a hard rock or boulder to serve as a lot corner monument

A lot corner marker made of wood or steel that is resistant to destruction by fire, natural corrosion, or decay

The minimum cross-section required for an acceptable wood or steel peg near the top

The minimum length required for an acceptable wood or steel peg

The minimum length from the top over which the peg must have at least 50 millimeters square cross-section

The two broad categories of reference monuments discussed in the lesson before the specific monument illustrations

The control monument category illustrated with Geodetic Control Monuments and Project Control Monuments

The monument category illustrated with municipal and barangay boundary monuments

The monument illustrated as a standard monument for marking lot corners

The monument category specifically associated with mineral land surveys

The monument category specifically associated with forest boundaries

The specific mineral-land monument representing the principal corners of mineral land

The other type of corner monument used in mineral land surveys

The forest boundary monument representing the major permanent boundary marker

The forest boundary monument used as an intermediate permanent boundary marker

The forest boundary marking used before permanent forest boundary monuments are established

The DENR issuance section stating that reference points, political boundaries, and other tracts of land shall be defined and marked on the ground by concrete monuments

The type of monuments specified in the Manual of Procedure for defining and marking reference points, political boundaries, and other tracts of land

The corners that must be monumented when lots run along physiographic or natural features

A prominent turn based on this feature shall be considered a corner

The office responsible for establishing at least one pair of standard location monuments in each city and municipality

The designation given to the first standard location monument established in each city and municipality

The designation given to the second standard location monument established in each city and municipality

The minimum number of standard location monuments that LMB/LMS shall establish in each city and municipality

Additional location monuments are established whenever necessary so that no lot shall be more than this distance from a reference point

The process of establishing additional reference monuments to provide closer reference points for surveys

The network whose establishment and densification shall continue in accordance with EO 45 s. 1993, DAO 1994-22, DAO 2005-13, and other pertinent issuances

The executive issuance cited in the lesson concerning the establishment and densification of the national geodetic network

The DAO cited together with EO 45 s. 1993 concerning the national geodetic network

The DAO cited concerning the continued establishment and densification of the national geodetic network

The database containing Geographic and Plane Coordinates of land survey reference monuments belonging to Third Order and below

The agency responsible for managing the National Database of GPC of land survey reference monuments belonging to Third Order and below

The office that receives copies of the National Database of GPC from the LMB

The office that must furnish data on newly established reference points to the LMB for updating the National Database

The agencies and offices that have online access to the National Database for data sharing and efficient servicing of the public

The order of control included in the National Database of GPC of all Land Survey Reference Monuments described in the lesson

The coordinates contained in the National Database of land survey reference monuments

The office responsible for updating the National Database using information on newly established reference points

The agency that receives copies of the National Database from the LMB

The system that allows DENR, LMB, NAMRIA, and the LMS regional office to share reference monument data

The monument marking a control point using a non-corrosive metal such as brass rods or copper nails embedded at the center of a triangle

The symbols and information placed on a reference monument to identify its control point, order, establishing office, location, or project

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the abbreviation representing the provincial code

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the number identifying the control point

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the number representing the year the monument was established

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the triangle symbol identifies the

The non-corrosive metals specifically mentioned for the control point mark embedded at the center of the triangle

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the label identifying the accuracy order of the monument

In the illustrated geodetic control monument, the abbreviation identifying the office or entity that established the reference point

In the illustrated project control monument, SN FDO, BKN represents the

In the illustrated project control monument, BLLM No. 3 represents the

In the illustrated project control monument, CAD 542-D represents the

In the illustrated project control monument, BL represents the

In the illustrated project control monument, 1979 represents the

The cadastral survey number shown on the illustrated political boundary monument

The document cited as providing the monument dimensions and markings illustrations

The circular or triangular mark on a monument that identifies the control point and may contain brass rods or copper nails

A point appropriately marked on the ground whose horizontal and vertical positions are established through precise geodetic control methods and which is used as a reference for property surveys

A reference monument category containing Geodetic Control Monuments, BLLMs, BLBMs, political boundary monuments, triangulation stations, primary cadastral stations, friar lands and old survey monuments, and permanent structures

A reference monument category containing standard concrete monuments, concrete fence posts, metal pipes, qualifying trees, walls, rocksoulders, and pegs

A qualifying tree used as a lot corner monument must be a living edible fruit tree of at least this diameter

A metal pipe used as a lot corner monument must have an outside diameter of at least

A concrete fence post used as a lot corner monument must have a diameter of at least

A hard rock or boulder used as a lot corner monument must have an exposed surface of

A wood or steel peg used as a lot corner monument must be resistant to

The minimum cross-sectional dimension specified for a qualifying peg

The minimum length specified for a qualifying peg

The minimum distance allowed between a lot and its nearest reference point when additional location monuments are established