1What questions can be used as a decision tree for classifying a land survey?
What is being surveyed? Why? How large is the area? Who owns or administers it?
2What are the five major classifications of land survey?
Control, Cadastral, Isolated, Mineral Land, and Forestland/Protected Area
3What is CONTROL?
Reference framework
4What is CADASTRAL?
All parcels in a city/municipality
5What is ISOLATED?
Individual or grouped parcels not more than 1,500 hectares
6What is MINERAL LAND?
Mining/mineral applications
7What is FORESTLAND / PROTECTED AREA?
Boundary delimitation
8What references are given for the classifications of land survey?
DAO 2007-29 and DMC 2010-13
9What is a Geodetic Control Survey?
A survey that covers extensive areas and accounts for Earth curvature and geoid-spheroidal shape.
10What does a Geodetic Control Survey establish?
The basic reference network, including first- and second-order controls.
11What is a Project Control Survey?
A survey that establishes reference positions for projects with limited geographic coverage.
12What are examples of projects covered by a Project Control Survey?
A municipality, barangay, settlement, or isolated tract
13What levels of control does a Project Control Survey cover?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary control
14What is the sequence from control points to subsequent surveys?
CONTROL POINTS → RECTANGULAR COORDINATES → BASIS FOR SUBSEQUENT SURVEYS
15What is the purpose of cadastral surveys?
To determine the metes and bounds of all parcels within an entire municipality or city for land registration and other purposes.
16What is Numerical Cadastre?
A cadastral survey where bearings and distances of individual lots are determined from computations based on actual ground survey.
17What is Graphical Cadastre?
A cadastral survey where bearings and distances are obtained using transit and stadia, scaling from photo maps, or other graphical methods.
18What is Public Land Subdivision?
Subdivision of alienable and disposable (A&D) lands covering more than 1,500 hectares.
19What are isolated surveys used for?
Agricultural, residential, commercial, resettlement, and other purposes
20What is the area limit for isolated surveys?
Not more than 1,500 hectares
21What is a Group Settlement / Townsite?
A&D land not more than 1,500 hectares with 50 parcels or more.
22What is Public Land in the classification of isolated surveys?
Original survey of A&D land not subject to private rights/public use
23What is an Amendment?
Changes lot numbers without affecting the original boundary technical description.
24What is Private Land?
Land claimed or owned by individuals or organizations for land registration.
25What is Government Land?
Parcels administered by or belonging to government.
26What is Conversion / Other?
Converts graphical/cadastral mapping to numerical lots; other specific-purpose parcel surveys
27What are Friar Land Estates?
Lands purchased by government from Religious Orders/private corporations from 1904–1913 for distribution under Act 1120.
28What are National Government Lands?
Surveys of patrimonial property of the State.
29What are LGU Lands?
Lands acquired by provincial, city/municipal, or barangay governments that are not needed for public purposes.
30What is the key distinction between public land and government land?
“Public land” describes land status under public land laws; “government land” refers to parcels administered by or belonging to government.
31What are the types of Political Boundary surveys?
Provincial, Municipal/City, and Barangay
32What is a Verification (Vs) survey?
A survey that checks reported erroneous surveys, overlaps, or encroachment upon RTD order.
33What is a Segregation (Sgs) survey?
A survey that segregates 20% or less of a previously surveyed large public-land tract.
34What is a Relocation (Rel) survey?
A survey that re-sets boundary lines indicated in an approved survey or title.
35What is a Re-Survey (Rs)?
A survey that re-surveys an approved lot under specified circumstances.
36What is a Topographic survey?
A survey that locates natural/artificial features and elevations for map making.
37What is a Special Survey?
A survey for scientificeographic investigations or other unlisted surveys.
38What is required for a Special Survey?
A Special Work Order
39Can a Special Survey be used for titling?
No, it is not for titling.
40What are Mineral Land Surveys?
Surveys of mining claims, quarry applications, sand and gravel applications, and other mineral lands in private or public lands.
41What are Mineral Land Surveys executed for?
Mineral agreements, permits, licenses, or other purposes under RA 7942.
42What do Forestlands & National Parks / Protected Areas surveys do?
Delimit on the ground the boundaries of forestlands and national parks/protected areas from agricultural (A&D) lands.
43Who may conduct Forestlands & National Parks / Protected Areas surveys?
The Regional Composite Survey Team or qualified private Geodetic Engineers
44How are Mineral Land Surveys and Forestlands & National Parks / Protected Areas surveys defined?
They are strongly defined by the legal/administrative purpose of the survey.
45Who may execute land surveys?
A Geodetic Engineer (GE), pursuant to RA 8560, as amended.
46What are the valid professional credentials for a Geodetic Engineer?
PRC registration, PRC ID, current PTR, and TIN
47What professional association requirement is given for a Geodetic Engineer?
Active membership in a PRC-accredited association of Geodetic Engineers
48What may a Geodetic Engineer in government service execute?
Government-project surveys upon proper authority/order
49What exception regarding PTR applies to Geodetic Engineers in government service?
The PTR exception applies as stated in the guide.
50What is the GE Dry Seal?
A dry seal that practicing GEs are required to use on survey returns submitted to DENR.
51What information does the GE Dry Seal carry?
The PRC Registration Number and Date of Issuance
52What is the GE Index Card?
An index card maintained by the Regional Surveys Division for each practicing GE.
53What information is included in the GE Index Card?
Identity, registration, specimen signatures/initials, and submitted survey-plan information
54What is the National GE Database?
A database where LMS regional listings are validated with the PRC Board of Geodetic Engineering, and LMB updates the national database and furnishes official listings to regional offices.
55What does professional accountability emphasize?
Authenticity, traceability, and professional accountability
56What survey classification applies to all parcels in an entire municipality?
Cadastral
57What survey classification applies to one private parcel for land registration?
Isolated • Private Land
58What survey classification applies to a reference network for a barangay project?
Project Control
59What survey classification applies to the boundary of a protected area versus A&D land?
Forestland / Protected Area
60What survey classification applies to a mining claim or quarry application?
Mineral Land
61What assessment comparisons are given in Lesson 2.1?
Cadastral vs Isolated; Public Land vs Government Land
62What are the learning outcomes of Lesson 2.2?
Recognize agencies involved in property surveying; define Survey Authority (SA) and Survey Order (SO); distinguish DENR officials who issue SA or SO; identify conditions for granting SA and SO; determine the validity of SA and SO.
63What are the three key government agencies involved in property surveying?
DENR, Department of Agrarian Reform, and Land Registration Authority
64What does DENR Land Management Services generally undertake?
Cadastral surveys of untitled properties
65What is DENR Land Management Services responsible for?
Approval of surveys discussed in the guide
66What does the Department of Agrarian Reform undertake?
Cadastral surveys for lands declared as agrarian reform areas
67Who approves the cadastral surveys undertaken by the Department of Agrarian Reform according to the guide?
DENR
68What does the Land Registration Authority manage?
Records of titled properties
69What surveys does the Land Registration Authority approve?
Subdivision, consolidation, and relocation surveys of titled properties
70Where are titles entered?
Into the Register of Deeds in the relevant administrative subdivision
71What transition of land records does the lesson mention?
The transition of land records from analog to digital formats
72What are public domain / untitled lands?
Lands not clearly within private ownership that are presumed to belong to the State under the Regalian Doctrine.
73Can a GE survey public-domain land without the required SA or SO?
No.
74What applies to private / titled land regarding SA or SO?
If the land is titled and privately owned, there is no need to secure an SA or SO.
75Upon whose request or authority may a GE act on private/titled land?
The owner, legal claimant, authorized representative, or a court order
76What is the key decision before fieldwork regarding land status?
Determine whether the property is public-domainntitled or privately titled.
77What is a Survey Order (SO)?
An instruction issued by the concerned DENR official to a government GE or private GE to conduct a survey over a parcel of public-domain land or a survey project for a specific purpose.
78What is a Survey Authority (SA)?
A permit issued by the concerned DENR official to a private Geodetic Engineer to conduct an isolated survey over public lands for public-land application purposes.
79What is the difference between SO and SA?
SO is an instruction for a survey/project; SA is a permit for a private GE to conduct an isolated public-land survey.
80Who issues a Survey Order for protected-area or watershed delimitation covering 2 or more regions?
DENR Secretary
81When does the DENR Secretary issue a Survey Order?
For protected-area or watershed delimitation covering 2 or more regions
82What does the Director, LMB issue a Survey Order for?
Inter-regional provincial boundary disputes
83What does the Director, LMB issue a Survey Authority for?
Isolated surveys under special law/proclamation giving LMB jurisdiction
84What does the NAMRIA Administrator issue a Survey Order for?
Delimitation survey on land classification
85What does the Regional Director, MGB issue a Survey Order for?
Mineral land surveys
86What does the Regional Executive Director issue for cadastral surveys?
Survey Order
87What does the Regional Executive Director issue for protected areas of 5,000 hectares and above?
Survey Order
88What does the Regional Executive Director issue for political boundaries with no inter-regional dispute?
Survey Order
89What does the Regional Executive Director issue for watershed reservations in the same region of 5,000 hectares and above?
Survey Order
90What does the Regional Executive Director issue for reclamation projects of 100 hectares and above?
Survey Order
91What does the Regional Executive Director issue for isolated land surveys of more than 100 hectares?
Survey Order
92What does the Regional Executive Director issue for LGU lands of more than 100 hectares?
Survey Order
93What does the Regional Executive Director issue for foreshore land surveys of more than 100 hectares?
Survey Authority
94Why do area thresholds matter when determining the issuing office?
The survey type and area must be identified before deciding the issuing office.
95What does the RTD for Lands issue a Survey Order for?
Barangay political boundaries within the same city/municipality; public land subdivision; reclamation below 100 hectares; townsiteroup settlement not more than 1,500 hectares; isolated surveys more than 12 to 100 hectares; and LGU lands not more than 100 hectares.
96What does the RTD for Lands issue a Survey Authority for?
Foreshore land surveys from 12 to 100 hectares
97What does the RTD for Forestry issue a Survey Order for?
Watershed reservation delimitation in the same region below 5,000 hectares
98What does PAWCZMS issue a Survey Order for?
Protected-area delimitation below 5,000 hectares
99What does CENRO issue a Survey Authority for?
Isolated land surveys of 12 hectares and below; foreshore land surveys of 12 hectares and below
100Who issues survey authority for lands under another government agency's jurisdiction?
The head of the concerned agency or an authorized representative
101What must be included in the survey returns for lands under another government agency?
Pertinent laws or legal documents establishing jurisdiction/ownership
102Upon whose request or authority may a GE act on private lands?
The owner, legal claimant, authorized representative, or court order
103What must accompany survey returns for private lands?
Proof of ownership or basis of the private claim
104What is required in a private-land survey involving an encumbrance?
Written authorization from the beneficiary
105What is required when a private-land survey involves ongoing court litigation?
Written court authorization
106What conditions must a parcel meet before a Survey Authority can be granted?
It must be within A&D area; have no existing claims/conflicts; be outside civil, military, or other reservations; not be under a pending land-registration case/litigation; and not be within an ongoing cadastral or public-land subdivision project.
107What must a Survey Order have before it can be granted?
Clearance and/or endorsement from agencies having jurisdiction over the parcel
108What is required if the subject parcel under a Survey Order is under litigation?
A copy of the court order
109Is Survey Authority automatic?
No. The parcel's legal and administrative status must first be investigated.
110How long is a Survey Authority valid?
6 months from issuance up to submission of the corresponding survey returns
111How long is a Survey Order valid?
Within the period stipulated in the Survey Order
112What is the first step in the practical workflow for SA/SO?
Check title / land status
113What is the second step in the practical workflow for SA/SO?
Identify survey purpose & area
114What is the third step in the practical workflow for SA/SO?
Determine required SA/SO
115What is the fourth step in the practical workflow for SA/SO?
Go to proper issuing office
116What is the fifth step in the practical workflow for SA/SO?
Conduct survey within validity
117What should be identified before fieldwork?
The land status, survey purpose, area, and jurisdiction
118What research task is given in Lesson 2.2?
What is a CLOA, who may qualify, and which government agency is involved?