1What is the Torrens System?
A land registration system that provides a government-guaranteed certificate of title as conclusive proof of land ownership.
2Who introduced the Torrens System in the Philippines?
The Americans through Act No. 496 (Land Registration Act of 1903).
3What decree currently governs the Torrens System?
Presidential Decree No. 1529, also known as the Property Registration Decree.
4What is the main purpose of the Torrens System?
To establish an indefeasible, conclusive, and reliable proof of ownership and prevent fraudulent land transactions.
5What principle states that the certificate of title reflects all matters affecting ownership?
Mirror Principle.
6What principle states that there is no need to look beyond the certificate of title for ownership?
Curtain Principle.
7What principle ensures that a registered title is conclusive and cannot be questioned except in cases of fraud?
Indefeasibility Principle.
8What document is issued after the first registration of land?
Original Certificate of Title (OCT).
9What document replaces the previous title when land is sold or transferred?
Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT).
10Who issues the Original or Transfer Certificate of Title?
The Register of Deeds, under the supervision of the Land Registration Authority (LRA).
11What is the effect of registration under the Torrens System?
Registration confirms ownership and makes the title indefeasible after one year.
12What law provides for the reconstitution of lost or destroyed land titles?
Republic Act No. 11231 (Reconstitution of Lost Titles Act).
13What are the benefits of the Torrens System?
Provides security of land ownership, simplifies transfer, and prevents overlapping claims or fraud.
14When does a decree of registration become final and incontrovertible?
One year after the issuance of the decree of registration.
15Who issues the decree of registration?
The Land Registration Authority (LRA), upon order of the court after the decision becomes final.