1what is culture?
shared beliefs, traditions, behaviours, and ways of life within a group.
2what is material culture?
physical objects that are apart of a culture and can be seen/touched.
3what are some examples of material culture items?
clothing, food, technology, art, etc.
4what is non-material culture?
ideas, beliefs, values, and traditions of a culture that can't be touched.
5what are some examples of non-material culture?
religion, language, symbols, etc.
6what's the difference between nature and nurture?
nature is how genetics and biology influence how we behave, whereas nurture is how environmental factors influence who we are and how we behave
7what's the difference between society and nation?
a society is a shared group of people that live in a particular area, interact, and share a culture. whereas, a nation is a group of people who share an identity, language, and history.
8what are the 4 elements of culture?
symbols, language, values, and norms.
9what are symbols in culture?
words, images, or gestures with special meaning inside a culture.
10what is language in culture?
a system of words, symbols, and gestures that people use to communicate, share ideas, and pass down beliefs, values, and traditions. what are values in culture?
11what are beliefs in culture?
ideas and thoughts that people hold to be true.
12what are norms in culture?
standards for acceptable, expected behavior within a culture.
13what is the saphir-whorf thesis?
the idea that our language shapes how we think and view reality.
14what are the 3 types of norms?
folkways, mores, and laws.
15what are folkways?
everyday social rules that don't have serious repercussions if broken (such as saying please, thank you, or waiting in line).
16what are mores?
important social rules based on what society considers right and wrong (not cheating, lying, and cheating).
17what are laws?
rules created and enforced by the government.
18what is social control?
attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviour (traffic regulations, criminal justice systems, educational and workplace policies).
19what is ideal culture?
how society expects people to act based on values and norms.
20what is real culture?
the norms and values that people actually follow everyday.
21true or false: culture is always changing
true!
22what is culture shock?
feeling confused/surprised when experiencing unfamiliar cultures.
23what is ethnocentrism?
the belief that our own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
24what is eurocentrism?
the belief that European culture, values, and ways of thinking are superior to or more important than those of other cultures. what is material cultural change?
25what is non-material culture change?
changes in beliefs, values, traditions, and social norms.
26what is social lag (william ogburn)?
when material culture (technology) changes faster than non-material culture (beliefs, laws, and values) creating a gap between them.
27what is cultural diversity?
the coexistence of different cultural and ethnic groups within a society, community, or organization.
28what are the 2 factors of cultural diversity?
high culture and popular culture.
29what is high culture?
culture that exists in high class society (wealth/formality)
30what are some examples of high culture?
opera, ballets, fine art, classical music, theatre, and art galleries.
31what is popular culture?
cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
32what are examples of popular cultures?
tiktok, instagram, netflix, and video games.
33what is subculture?
a smaller cultural group that exists within a larger, dominant culture.
34what are some examples of subculture groups?
goths, skaters, gamers, etc.
35what is cultural relativism?
judging a culture using its own standards instead of your own.
36what is counterculture?
a group whose beliefs and behaviours go against society's common views and values.
37what is cultural integration?
how different parts of a culture are connected and influence each other.
38what are the 3 factors of cultural change?
invention, discovery, and diffusion.
39what is invention in culture?
creating something new in a culture.
40what is discovery in culture?
finding or learning about something that already exists.
41what is diffusion in culture?
transfer of ideas between cultures.
42what is global culture?
the diffusion of a single culture throughout the world.
43what are cultural universals?
customs and practices that occur across all societies.
44what did george peter murdock do?
he discovered over 70 cultural universals such as appearance, activities, social institutions, and customary practices.
45what is global inequality?
the unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities between countries around the world.
46what is a functionalist perspective?
an approach that emphasizes the way parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
47what is a critical perspective?
the idea that culture can be used by powerful groups to maintain control and inequality in society, leaving other groups at a disadvantage.
48what's the feminist theory?
examines how culture creates and maintains gender inequality, often giving men more power than women.
49what is the symbolic interaction perspective?
how culture is created, shared, and changed through people's everyday interactions.
50what is the post-modern perspective?
the idea that society is constantly changing and that the media, technology, and different viewpoints shape how we understand reality.
51who was jean baudrillard?
french sociologist who believed that modern society increasingly experiences the world through images, media, and simulations rather than through reality.
52what is a simulation?
an imitation or recreation of reality.
53what is hyperreality?
when people can't tell the difference between actual reality and a simulation or artificial representation of reality.
54what is social imagination?
connection of our personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces.
55what's the importance of social imagination?
it helps us understand how society influences our personal lives, choices, and problems.