1How is adaptive response different from innate?
tailored response
specificity for each pathogen
memory
larger and faster secondary response
2What response takes longer to become activated but is longer lasting?
adaptive response
3What are the main cells used in adaptive immunity?
T and B lymphocytes
NK cells
4What is the purpose of memory in adaptive response?
increased reactivity to repeated exposures to antigen or infection agent
5What is the purpose of regulation in adaptive response?
discriminates between self and non self (to prevent autoimmune reactions)
6How is adaptive response considered 'antigen-specific'?
recognizes antigens by physical shapes, proteins, carbs, lipids, or nucleic acid;
develops antigen-specific receptors
7What makes the immune system of adaptive different from innate?
adaptive response has diverse set of recognition molecules that recognize billions of shapes
8What are the 2 kinds of adaptive immunity?
1. humoral immunity
2. cell-mediated immunity
9How are lymphocytes identified?
using monoclonal antibodies directed against specific surface antigens
10What is the cluster of differentiation? (CD-markers)?
surface marker that identifies particular differentiation recognized by monoclonal antibodies
11What does B and T cell maturation process include?
signaling mechanisms and development of receptors for antigens
12Where do B cells mature? Where do they go to encounter antigens?
B cell matures in bone marrow;
encounter antigen in secondary lymph organs
13What do B cells express?
surface IgG, IgD, CD19+, CD21+, class II MHC molecules
14What is the main identifier for B cells?
CD19+
15Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Matures in thymus
16What do T lymphocytes acquire during maturation?
surface markers and expression of class I MHC
17What is the purpose of T helpers (CD3+ CD4+)?
help other lymphocytes by producing various cytokines
18What is the purpose of T cytotoxic cell (CD3+ CD8+)?
cell mediated cytotoxicity; kill infected cells or tumor targets
19What is the purpose of regulatory T cells?
regulate innate and adaptive immunity
20What are 3 kinds of antigen presenting cells?
dendritic cells, mq, B cells
21How is innate different from adaptive?
innate is nonspecific and responds quickly;
adaptive is specific and initially responds slowly
22What is the major role of dendritic cells?
APC; presenting to T helper cell
23What do all dendritic cells have high levels of?
MHC II
24What cells does innate response rely on?
PMNs and phagocytes
25What cell does adaptive response rely on?
B cells and T cells
26How does adaptive immune response react to foreign antigens?
antibodies (humoral)
cytokines (cellular)
specific
memory
27How does innate respond to secondary exposure of same antigen?
no increase in response; response is the same
28What immune response is considered 'energy saving' compared to the other?
innate
29What is the main result of an antigen flagged by innate immunity?
phagocytosis
30What is the main result of an antigen flagged by adaptive immunity?
antibody release or cytotoxicity