Chapter 14

Microorganims that are able to colonize the skin or mucosal surfaces for a limited period of time are called...
A. Parasites
B. Transient microbiota
C. Commensals
D. Resident microbiota

What can cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?
A. Hormonal changes
B. Stress
C. Immune suppression
D. All of the answers are correct

Humans acquire resident microbiota in a varieyt of ways, except:
A. During first meals
B. During birth
C. During first breaths
D. In the womb

Mutalism is a relationship where both members benefit. (TRUE / FALSE)

Chagas disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?
A. Mucous membrane portal
B. Parenteral route
C. Skin portal
D. Fomite

Formites are:
A. Insects that transmit pathogens
B. Inanimate objects involved in the indirect transmission of pathogens
C. Fecal material from infected hosts
D. Animal sources of infectious disease

If one person sneezes, transmitting a virus to the respiratory tract of another person (more than 1 meter away), that is an example of:
A. Indirect transmission
B. Airborne transmission
C. Droplet transmission
D. Both droplet transmission and airborne transmissio

All of the following are ways that pathogens can establish an infection EXCEPT:
A. Fusion of microbial cell wall with the host cell wall
B. Adhesins on flagella
C. Ligands
D. Attachment proteins

The term that applies when the presence of a pathogen causes damage to the host is:
A. Infection
B. Disease
C. Contamination
D. Antagonism

Which of the following types of toxins are only produced by Gram-negative bacteria?
A. Endotoxins
B. Cytotoxins
C. Neurotoxins
D. Enterotoxins

What term best describes the total number of disease cases in an area during a specific time period?
A. Mortality
B. Morbidity
C. Prevalence
D. Incidence

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?
A) protozoa in termites
B) bacteria in the human colon
C) microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus
D) tuberculosis in the human lung
E) tapeworm in the human intestine

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?
A) parenteral route
B) skin portal
C) mucous membrane portal
D) fomite
E) contact

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?
A) The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal.
B) microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath.
C) microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy.
D) microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal.
E) Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery.

Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body?
A) coagulase
B) hyaluronidase
C) hemolysin
D) coagulase and hemolysin
E) enterotoxin

Which of the following is a symptom of disease?
A) fever
B) dizziness
C) swelling
D) diarrhea
E) rash

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost?
A) the ability to establish a latent infection
B) the ability to prevent phagocytes killing it
C) the ability to adhere to cells of the body
D) the ability to produce an endotoxin
E) the ability to move from one location in the body to another

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of a disease process?
A) incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline
B) incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
C) illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline
D) convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline
E) prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

Microbes known as transient microbiota are:
A) sources of microbial contamination.
B) microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life.
C) organisms that remain in the body for a short time.
D) unsuccessful microbial invaders because of the presence of preexisting microbes.
E) microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the body.
(TRUE/FALSE)

Toxins that affect the lining of the digestive tract are (endotoxins/enterotoxins/exotoxins).