Exam 3

Q: What is the substance responsible for the color in normal yellow urine?

Q: What could be the cause of dark yellow to amber urine?

Q: What causes urine to appear dark yellow-green?

Q: What substance can cause urine to turn bright yellow?

Q: What medication can cause orange urine?

Q: What is the clinical significance of pink urine?

Q: Which condition can lead to red-purple urine?

Q: What can cause brown urine?

Q: What can cause dark brown to black urine?

Q: What infection can cause blue or green urine?

Q: What condition is associated with red urine caused by hemoglobin?

Q: What substance causes pink or red urine in individuals with genetically disposed alkaline urine?

Q: What drug can cause brown urine and is used to treat infections such as trichomoniasis and Giardia?

Q: What substance can cause red-purple urine in individuals with inherited metabolic disorders?

Q: What color is urine with the presence of intact RBCs, and what does it signify?

Q: What condition is indicated by brown urine due to the presence of myoglobin?

Q: What drug can cause dark brown urine and is also an anti-inflammatory?

Q: What is the cause of black urine upon standing and is associated with a genetic metabolic disorder?

Q: What dye-containing drugs can cause blue or green urine?

Q: What food can cause red urine without indicating a pathological condition?

Q: What medication, when taken, can cause bright yellow urine and is commonly found in multivitamins?

Q: What causes orange urine when the pH is acidic?

Which urine color is not the result of drug metabolites?
A. Red
B. Blue-green
C. Brown
D. Red-purple

The technician pulls a urine specimen out of the refrigerator and notes a pink precipitate. She knows that she has a urine with a(n):
A. Alkaline pH and amorphous urates
B. Alkaline pH and uroerythrin on uric acid crystals
C. Neutral pH and uric acid crystals
D. Acidic pH and amorphous urates

Which substance found in urine is considered pathologic?
A. Spermatozoa
B. Yeast
C. Powder
D. Squamous epithelial cells

The urine of a patient who had been on a medical fast for the past several weeks may smell:
A. Sweet and fruity
B. Pungent and fetid
C. Ammonia-like
D. Faintly aromatic

Isosthenuria is a term used to describe:
A. A fixed specific gravity of 1.010
B. The balance of ionic and nonionic particles in urine
C. Temperature plateaus in freezing point osmometry
D. A dilute, clear urine

While performing UAs, the technician ran controls and began testing the specimens. He ran out of reagent strips and needed one more to complete the run. He opened a new bottle and:
A. Continued testing on the remaining specimens
B. Ran controls on the new bottle and then continued the run
C. Aborted the run and started all over with the first specimen
D. Checked for discoloration before continuing the run

All of the following are improper uses of the reagent strip, which will produce erroneous results, except:
A. Inadequate removal of excess urine from the strip
B. Blotting the edge of the reagent strip after dipping it in the urine
C. Prolonged dipping of the strip in urine
D. Reading the results after all test pads have reached full development

Whenever the reagent pad shows a negative result for blood and the microscopic examination reveals RBCs, the technician should suspect the presence of:
A. Ascorbic acid
B. Peroxide
C. Hemosiderin
D. Porphyrin

The technician performs a microscopic examination on urine sediment from a 35-year-old female. The findings for this specimen are:

Physical Examination Chemical Examination Microscopic Examination
Color: Amber
Clarity: Slightly hazy

Sp. Gr. 1.025
pH 6.5
Blood: Negative
Protein: Negative
LE: Negative
Nitrite: Negative
Glucose: Negative
Ketones: Negative
Bilirubin: Negative
Urobilinogen: 1.0 EU
Ascorbic acid: Negative

3-6 WBCs
0-1 Squamous epithelial cells

The best explanation for these results is:
A. The specimen was not well mixed, resulting in a negative LE result.
B. Vaginal contamination of the specimen masked the LE result.
C. An insufficient amount of leukocyte esterase was produced.
D. The specific gravity was too high, causing a false-negative LE result.

The reagent strip for protein can detect which protein(s)?
A. Myoglobin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Albumin
D. Globulins
E. All of the above

Diabetic patients must routinely have their urine checked to monitor their renal status. For this purpose, the technician performs which test?
A. 24-hour urine protein test
B. Reagent strip for protein test
C. Microalbumin reagent strip test
D. Sulfosalicylic acid test for protein

A fresh brown urine may indicate the presence of:
A. Urobilinogen
B. Bilirubin
C. Myoglobin
D. Melanin

The microscopy technique that provides more detailed visualization of translucent or low-refractile components and living cells is:

A. Polarizing microscopy
B. Brightfield microscopy
C. Phase-contrast microscopy
D. Interference contrast microscopy

Cells found in urine sediment that contain highly refractile droplets are:

A. Glitter cells
B. Ghost cells
C. Oval fat bodies
D. Clue cells

In a hypotonic urine, RBCs have what type of appearance?

A. Crenated
B. Ghost cell
C. Acanthocyte
D. Biconcave

Healthy individuals may have which of the following in their urine, as a normal finding, after strenuous exercise?

A. WBC and RBC casts
B. Hyaline and finely granular casts
C. RBC and waxy casts
D. Nonpathologic pseudocasts

Glomerular damage characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, azotemia, edema, and hypertension is referred to as:

Select one:
a) nephrotic syndrome
b) IgA nephropathy
c) chronic glomerulunephritis
d) acute nephritic syndrome

Ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) may result from all of the following conditions except:

Select one:
a) bacterial infection
b) severe burns
c) crush injuries
d) renal glycosuria

The laboratory receives a random urine specimen obtained from a 17-year-old female teenager, who needs the UA as part of her sports physical examination. The test results are:

Physical Examination
*Color: Reddish-brown
Clarity: Cloudy

Chemical Examination
Specific Gravity: 1.020
pH: 7.0
*Blood: Moderate
Protein: Negative
LE: Negative
Nitrite: Negative
Glucose: Negative
Ketones: Negative
Bilirubin: Negative
Urobilinogen: 1.0 EU

Microscopic Examination
2-4 WBCs
*15-20 RBCs

Which of the following explains these results?

Select one:
a) glomerulonephritis
b) urinary tract infection
c) menstrual contamination
d) allergic drug reaction

The pathogenesis of which systemic disorder involves deposition of a pathologic proteinaceous substance between cells in numerous tissues and organs?

Select one:
a) diabetes mellitus
b) systemic lupus erythematosus
c) amyloidosis
d) IgA nephropathy

The progressive loss of the GFR in chronic renal failure clinically presents when the patient shows which of the following?

Select one:
a) loss of 80% to 85% of normal renal function
b) decreased renal perfusion
c) atherosclerosis of intrarenal arteries
d) increased frequency of UTIs

Which of the following inherited diseases gives urine a characteristic mousy or musty odor?

Select one:
a) maple syrup urine disease
b) cystinosis
c) alkaptonuria
d) phenylketonuria

Which of the following microscopy techniques is used to confirm the presence of fat (i.e., cholesterol)?

Select one:
a) brightfield
b) polarizing
c) phase-contrast
d) interference contrast

Which type of crystal is found in acidic urine?

Select one:
a) calcium oxalate
b) amorphous phosphates
c) triple phosphates
d) ammonium biurate