Flashcard decks

Dino 2 test

160 flashcardsby Arnice123
Study these flashcardsFree · spaced repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & web

All cards

1
Where were the oldest dino fossils found
Argentina, Valle de la Luna
2
From what time do the fossils in Valle de la Luna come from
230 Ma
3
Where was the Valley of the Moon in Pangea
Southern Coast in Gondwana
4
What was the Triassic climate
dry most of the year with a monsoon summer(flash floods/very wet)
5
Name three Triassic trees
conifer, ginkgo, monkey puzzle trees
6
Name three Triassic plants
ferns, cycads, horsetails
7
What was the Triassic sea life like?
There was an abundant amount of sea life in shallow waters
8
Name three sea creatures in the Triassic
ammonoids, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs
9
What were the apex predator of the Triassic
members of the pseudosuchia
10
What did Postosuchus mean
"crocodile from the past"
11
Name five of the different species that lived in the Triassic Terrestrial life
Postosuchus, Rhynchosaurs, Avemetatarsalia, therapsids, mammals
12
What time period did the Coelophysis live?
203-196 Ma
13
What did Coelophysis's name mean
"Hollow form"
14
Did theropods have hollow bones
Yes
15
What evolutionary novelties did the Coelophysis have?
A furcula
16
Did the Coelophysis have any vestigial bones? If so what was it?
Yes, the vestigial manual digit 4
17
What are the two different lineages of Saurischia
theropoda & sauropodomorpha
18
What are the Basal sauropodomorpha?
a less derived "prosauropods"
19
What is the age range of Prosauropods
Late Triassic to Early Jurassic
20
Give an example of a prosauropod
Plateosaurus
21
What evolutionary novelty did Neotheropoda introduce?
Furcula
22
What evolutionary novelty did Tetanurans introduce?
A complicated air sac ventilated lung system & digit IV lost
23
What evolutionary novelty did Avetheropoda introduce?
Larger, more complicated air sac system and the development of a broad pubic boot.
24
What evolutionary novelty did Coelurosaurs introduce? (6 things)
A bowed ulna, tibia longer than the femur, longer sacrum, tail stiffened towards the tip, larger brains relative to body size, a feathered integument
25
What evolutionary novelty did Maniraptoriforms introduce?
pennaceous feathers & smaller, more abundant teeth & diverse living strategies
26
What evolutionary novelty did Maniraptorans introduce?
long arms and hands - a semi-lunate bone in the wrist with advanced maneuverability - a bony sternum (ossified sternal chest plate) - even larger brains relative to size
27
What was abundant in the southern continents during the Cretaceous period?
Abelisaurs
28
What are the two branches of Megalosauroidea?
Megalosauridae & Spinosauridae
29
What does the name Spinosaurids mean?
"spined lizard"
30
When did the Spinosaurids live?
Late Jurrassic to Late Cretaceous
31
What was a characteristic all Spinosaurids shared?
Had crocodile like skulls
32
What time period did the Megalosauridae live?
From middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic
33
What is the least derived group from the Avetheropods?
Allosauroidea
34
What was the evolutionary novelty of the Allosauroidea cladroup?
A larger pubic boot
35
What different clades did the Allosauroidea include (time period included)?
Allosaurids from Jurrassic North America
Carcharodontosaurids from Early to 'mid'- Cretaceous southern continents
36
What is the order of feather progression?
protofeathers -> plumulaceous feathers -> pennaceous feathers -> flight feathers
37
Do all coelurosaur clades have evidence of feathered integuments?
Yes
38
What were the two branches of Tyrannosauroidea
Proceratosauridae and Tyrannosauridae
39
What did the name Proceratosauridae mean?
"front horned lizard"
40
What were the two shared traits between Proceratosauridae?
nasal crest and extremely long nares
41
What were the two branches of Tyrannosauroidae?
Gracile & Robust
42
What were the shared traits between all Tyrannosauridae?
reduced forelimb size and loss of digit 3
43
How were Guanlong death traps created?
sauropod footprints in swamps/marshes
44
What proved all early coelurosaurs had feathers?
Dilong's feathered integument
45
What was the end-of-cretaceous paleogeography like?
Higher sea levels causing low lying areas in Laurentia to be covered by an epicontinental sea
46
What divided Laramidia and Appalachia?
The Western Interior Seaway
47
Was Laramidia east or west of the Western Interior Seaway?
Laramidia was west
48
Where did the T-Rex live?
Forests along the coastal plains of the
Western Interior Seaway
49
Where are most of the T-Rex fossils found?
Eroding out of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas
50
How many T-Rex fossils have we found?
50+
51
What is the biggest T-Rex found?
Scotty
52
Who was Scotty named after?
Scott Persons, the lead researcher on the team
53
How complete was scotty?
65% complete
54
How large was Scotty?
12.8m long and a few hundred kilos heavier than 8.5 tonnes
55
Who is the most complete T-Rex
Sue
56
What was missing from Sue's fossil?
A few vertebrae, her left foot, some gastralia & ribs, her right arm, and the claws on the left arm.
57
How complete is Sue
90% complete
58
How big was Sue?
12.3m long, hip height of 4m, 8.5 tonnes
59
What is the theory behind why T-Rex arms are so short?
In feeding frenzies they would bite off other T-rex's arms by accident.
60
What is the upper limit of T-Rex age
30 years
61
How do you know the age of a T-Rex?
Count the rings of the bones
62
What was Jane originally thought as? How old were they?
The Nanotyrannus, they were 13 years old
63
Who proved T-Rex didn't have feathers
Wyrex
64
How did Wyrex prove that T-Rex didn't have feathers
Skin impressions reveal a pattern of fine scales along the sides of the back, neck and tail.
65
What is the name of the female T-Rex
B-Rex
66
How do you know if a T-Rex is female?
If they have a medullary bone, it means they were pregnant, i.e. female
67
What did the name Compsognathids mean?
"elegant/dainty jaw"
68
What were the Compsognathids?
very small to small theropods from the Late J & Early K.
69
What is the oldest known bird and where did they live
Archaeopteryx & Southern Europe
70
How was Solnhöfen Limestone created?
lime mud deposited onto seafloor, covering all the parts
71
When do fossils found in Solnhöfen Limestone originate from?
150 Ma when Pangea rifted apart, then separated by the Tethys ocean
72
What is the other name of the Yixian Formation?
"Dinosaur Pompeii"
73
Why was the Yixian Formation nickname "Dinosaur Pompeii"
Because many exquisite fossils are preserved within volcanic ash layers of the Yixian Formation.
74
When does the strata in the Yixian Formation date from?
126-122 Ma
75
What did the name Ornithomimosaurs mean?
"bird-mimic lizards" or the ostrich dinosaurs
76
What features did Ornithomimosaurs all share?
long necks, legs, arms, with 3 gently curving claws and toothless beaks. Also had bony tails
77
When did the Albertosaurus live
70 Ma
78
What did the name Albertosaurus mean?
"Alberta Lizard"
79
Was the Albertosaurus gracile or robust?
Gracile
80
Where did the Albertosaurus live?
Alberta
81
When did the Allosaurus live
Late Jurassic
82
What did the name Allosaurus mean?
"different lizard"
83
Where did the Allosaurus live?
North America
84
What did the Allosaurus eat?
Stegosaurus, ornithopods, and sauropods
85
When did the Baryonyx live?
130-125 Ma
86
What digit was the Baryonyx claw on?
manual digit I
87
What did the name Baryonyx mean?
"Heavy claw"
88
What was special about the Baryonyx?
First fish eating dinosaur discovered
89
When did the Carnotaurus live?
72 Ma
90
What was the Carnotaurus?
An Abelisaur (clade Ceratosauria)
91
Was the Carnotaurus gracile or robust?
robust
92
Did the Carnotaurus have any vestigial bones?
vestigial forelimbs
93
When was the Carcharodontosaurus around
'mid'-Cretaceous
94
What did the name Carcharodontosaurus mean?
"sharp tooth lizard"
95
Where did Carcharodontosaurus live?
Egypt
96
What happened to the fossils of the Carcharodontosaurus?
Destroyed in WW2
97
When did the Compsognathus live?
150 Ma
98
Where did the Compsognathus live?
Europe
99
When did the Cryolophosaurus live?
190 Ma (Early Jurassic)
100
Where did the Cryolophosaurus live
Antarctica
101
What did the name Cryolophosaurus mean?
"Frozen Crested Lizard"
102
What was special about the Cryolophosaurus?
Has a perpendicular nasal crest
103
When did the Daspletosaurus live?
75 Ma
104
What did the name Daspletosaurus mean?
"frightful lizard"
105
Where did the Daspletosaurus live?
North America
106
Was the Daspletosaurus an apex predator during its time period?
Yes
107
When did the Dilong live?
125 Ma
108
What does the name Dilong mean?
"emperor dragon"
109
Did the Dilong have a feathered integument?
Yes (Proving all coelurosaurs have feathers too)
110
When did the Dilophosaurus live?
193 Ma
111
What did the name Dilophosaurus mean?
"Two crested lizard"
112
Where did the Dilophosaurus live?
North America
113
What was special about the Dilophosaurus?
First large theropod (7m) and first apex predator theropod
114
When did Eoraptor live?
231 - 228 Ma
115
Who discovered the Eoraptor?
Paul Sereno
116
What does the name Eoraptor mean?
"Dawn plunderer from the Valley of the Moon"
117
Where did Gallimimus live?
Mongolia
118
What does the name Gallimimus mean?
"Chicken Mimic"
119
When did the Gallimimus live?
70 Ma
120
When did the Giganotosaurus live?
97 Ma
121
What did the name Giganotosaurus mean?
"giant southern lizard"
122
Where did the Giganotosaurus live?
Argentina
123
When did the Gorgosaurus live?
75 Ma
124
Was the Gorgosaurus a gracile or robust?
A gracile
125
What two tyrannosaurids inhabited western North America?
Gorgosaurus & Daspletosaurus
126
When did the Guanlong live?
160 Ma
127
Where did Guanlong live?
China
128
What does the name Guanlong mean?
"crowned dragon"
129
What was a special trait of the Guanlong?
A large, thin elaborate chest
130
What was the first dinosaur to be discovered?
Megalosaurus
131
What does the name Megalosaurus mean
"great lizard"
132
When did the Megalosaurus live?
166 Ma
133
When did the Ornithomimus live?
77 to 66 Ma
134
What does the name Ornithomimus mean?
"bird mimic"
135
Where did the Ornithomimus live?
Alberta
136
When did the Plateosaurus live
214 to 204 Ma
137
What clade was the Plateosaurus in?
Basal sauropodomorpha
138
What does the name Sinosauropteryx prima mean?
"Chinese lizard wing first"
139
Which dinosaur was proof that there was a connection between dinosaurs and birds
Sinosauropteryx prima
140
What was the first non-avian dinosaur with feathers
Sinosauropteryx prima
141
Which dinosaur has the longest tail per body length
Sinosauropteryx prima
142
How did we discover the colour of the dinosaur feathers
By checking the melanosmes in the feathers
143
What did the name Spinosaurus mean?
"spine lizard"
144
When did the Spinosaurus live?
112 - 93.5 Ma
145
How big would Spinosaurus get?
14 to 15 m max
146
When did the Struthiomimus live?
77 to 66 Ma
147
What does the name Struthiomimus mean?
"ostrich mimic"
148
Where did the Struthiomimus live?
Alberta
149
Which tyrannosaurid had the smallest forelimbs
Tarbosaurus
150
When did the Tarbosaurus live?
70 Ma
151
Where did the Tarbosaurus live?
Mongolia
152
Was the Tarbosaurus a gracile or robust?
robust
153
What does the name Tarbosaurus mean?
"alarming lizard hero"
154
When did the Tyrannosaurus rex live?
68-66 Ma
155
What does the name Tyrannosaurus rex mean?
"tyrant lizard king"
156
Which land animal had the largest bite force?
Tyrannosaurus rex
157
How was the Tyrannosaurus rex's mouth described as?
Banana size teeth and a mouth the size of a bathtub
158
When did the Yutyrannus live?
125 Ma
159
What does the name Yutyrannus mean?
"feathered tyrant"
160
What level of feathers did the Yutyrannus have?
protofeathers
Study all 160 cards for free