1what is self image ?
your answer when you ask yourself the question "who am i ?"
2what are self schemas ?
how you see yourslef in various domains
3what activates self schams?
self concept activate self schemas
4what are the various selves I?
1. individual self
2. relational self
3. collective self
5what is the individual self ?
what makes me unique?
6what is the relational self ?
which people belong to me?
7what is the collective self ?
of which groups am I a member ?
8what are the various selves II?
1. actual self
2. thought self
3. ideal self
9what is the actual self ?
what traits do I have ?
10what is the thought self ?
what trait should I have ?
11what is the ideal self?
what traits do I ideally want to have?
12what are the consequences of self awareness ?
self awareness necessary for self concept
13where is the self awareness located in the brain ?
ACC(anterior cingulate cortex)
14do animals have self conscience?
monkeys , fish and elephants
difference is in how we comunicate it
15how does self concept originate ?
study by George Herbert
16what is the symbolic interactionism theory ?
self originates trough :
1. language
2. social / cultural interactions
3. role taking
17what is the independent self ?
identity formed by individual traits
18what are the most important features for the independent self ?
uniquness
personal growth and performance
and "I "
19what is the interdependent self ?
identitiy formed by relationships with others
20what are the most important features for the interdependet self ?
conformity
solidarity and social respinsability
and we
21what is the multifacet self ?
the better one knows someone, more multifaceset it is → complex
22how are we at predicting ourselves ?
BAD : behaviur and emotions
23what is the Miligram study ?
people think that they would not deliver dangerous shocks to helpless victim
24what is the bystander effect ?
people believe that they would help someone in need
25what other effect if not well prediction of own behaviour are there?
most people think that they do not discriminate
26what is the impact bias ?
overestimation of intensity and duration of negative or positive expirinces
27what is an exmaple of impact bias : bad predicition of own emotions ?
how long would we feel miserable after a breakup ?
28what is a negative impact bias?
how bad will be
29what is a positive impact bias?
long run happiness
30what is the focusing illusion ?
overestimate extent to which money makes them happy
**Kahneman et al.**
mood is based on many things not just one (money)
31why did self concept evoluate ?
people have a need to feel good about themseves
people respond to self esteem threats
32when do people feel most threathned ?
by the succes of a close person than starnger
33what is the explicit self esteem?
self report : how do you feel about yoursef
34what is implicit self esteem ?
outside of consiousness ( i like the letters I,M,A because my name)
35what is the conflit implicit and explicit self esteem ?
high explicit self esteem
low implicit self esteem
= narcisism
36what is narcissism ?
unstable high self esteem
37how does a narcisistic person feel ?
superioirty but also fragile ego
egocentric and high sense of entitelment
38what are the links between self esteem and agression ?
strong links with agression
due to ego threathening
39how has narcissim been shown over time ?
Twenge et al .
30 % increase in narcsissm scores aming college students
40what is the self esteem movement ?
make sure children develop a high self esteem
correlated with school succes
correlation is not causation !
41what is self evaluation maintainace ?
various strategies to maintain a positive self concept
42what are the stategies of evolution maintaince ?
1. social comparison
2. social refelction
3. self serving biases
4. self presentation
43what social comparison experiment is there?
Brown et al .
44what does the Brown et al . study tell us ?
pictures of attractive and unatractive person to women
then rated own atractiveness
later : they rate themseves as less atractive
45what is social reflection ?
+BIRG ing and _CORF ing
46what is +BIRG ?
asking in the reflecteg glory
high self esteem if the group they take part wins ( duch people if the national team wins)
47what is _CORF ing?
cutting off reflected failure
low self esteem due to failure of your team
48what are the self serving biases?
self serving attributions
better than averege effect
unralistic optimis
false consensus effect
false uniquness effect
49what are the self serving attributions ?
succes : self , failure : others
50what is the beeter then averege effect ?
consider more than averege : honest, moral , better skills
51what is the unrealistic optimism ?
hey think that less likey bad to happen to them , good to others
52what is the false consesnus effect ?
overestimate how many people agree with themselfes)
53what is the false uniqueness effect ?
talents and skills
54what is self presentation ?
self promotion
false modestly
intimidation
ingratiation
55what is self promotoion ?
emapthasing own succes
56what is self modesty ?
seem nice even not your toughts
57what is intimidation ?
seem powerfull to intimidate others
58what is ingratiation ?
over flattering
59what is the study by Vonka?
1. personality test → result read by a few participants
2. task in groups of 2 ( participants who filled personality test determine how money distributed )
3. participants read reaction of personality test of themseves or antoehr participant
peopel were much more flattering towards the people who gave money
60what is the false consesnus effect ?
goods will study
61what is the "God's will " study?
releigious belivers speech about death penalty ( favour or not , consisetnt with own attitude)
what is Gods will?
agains deth penalty but speech in favour Gods will
relegious beliefs project own opinion on God (own opinion is God Will )
one's opinion changes: God's will changes too
62what is the self handicapping effect ?
create obstacles for a good performance
63why do we self handicap ?
performance seems better in case of success
provide excuse for failure
64how does self esteem play a role in self handicap?
1. high : make better for impression
2. low : to protect themselves agains failure
65what is the spotlight effect study ?
sit in a room with 5 others
wear Barry Manilow tshirt
students wearing it predicted almost half will remember the tshirt
graph shows that people did not actually look at these people