2

= bleeding caused by rupture of a bloodvessel

extended pressure on surrounding structures

beacuse it is trapped in the skull

haematoma was near the lateral ventricles= increasing the possibility for drainage of the blood via the ventricles

paresis = peripheral ( no muscle tone )

paralisis = central ( increase in muscle tone )

atonia

hyperatonia

'peripheral' lesion (a cut through one of your peripheral nerves) = flaccicity

anaother type of muscle weakness

he brain is intact and send signals to the motor neurons.

the signals will not reach the muscle at all; the muscle tone disappears: hypotonia or atonia (thus little or no muscle tone at all, respectively)

often the rotation of the brain that causes lesions in the white matter

white matter is more fragile than gray matter

males have a higher risk of injury especially between 15 and 19 years old ( after they are less impulsive)


### Closed head injuries

= damage at the site of the blow, a bruise

when brain has been compacted by the bone's pusing inward

skull is not fractured

= the pressure that produces the coup may push the brain against the opposite side or the end of the skull

=brain movement may cause twisting of nerve fibers

= mass of new tissue that persists and grows independently form its soroundings

no physiological use( most common in brain and uterus )

may put pressure on parts of the brain dysfunctions come form the skull being fixed in size which produces compression

tumor fomed on the meninges

witin the cerebral hemisphere


### Subcortical areas exposed to damage

sensitive to negative emotion, controlled by prefrontal cortex

involved in episodic memory

both locate din medial temporal lobe

regions (in fact neural networks), that control/inhibit (remmen) the functioning of the amygdala

little pathway (white matter)

prefrontal cortex is really active, it will have a very nice inhibitory influence over the amygdala

disregulated feelings

sensitive to other people

sucide higher risk

seen in criminals a lot

lobal function of the cortex is 'inhibition' (remming)

necessary for cognitive functioning and motor behaviour

inhibition of irrelevant information, so that you can focus

damage to the cortex, you will have a disinhibition of the motor system→ 'spasticity' (hypertonus)


### Infections in CNS

may enter trough ears , nose troaghts

goes directly trough skull fracture

dangerous as it affects gliacells → die

1. trombosis → closure of blood vessles
2. disturbance in oxygen and glucose metabolism
3. chacges in cell membrane →electrical properties
4. pus → pressure in brain will increase
5. edema

encephalitis: cause by bacteria

menencephalitis

tetaparesis