BRGVENUS

2 SF (If the Decimal is Absent, come from the Pacific)

4 SF (If the Decimal is Present, come from the Pacific)

They are numbers that aren't measured and have an unlimited number of Signifcant Figures (SF)

The same number of signifcan figures as the measurement with the fewest figures

The same number of decimal pleaces with the fewest decimal places

It's the Mass of an object to its volume

It's a solid completly submerged in its own volume of water

It's the relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water

It's the material that makes up everything

The composition is uniform throughout and you cannot physically see any difference

The composition is NOT uniform and varies from one part of a mixture to another, you can see the difference

Name of the element, consists with 1 or 2 sumbols, starts with a Capital letter

Postivive (or 1+)

Negative charge (1-)

Nuetral Charge (0)

It's at the center of the atom and contrains protons and neutrons.

1. Alkali Metals 2. Alkaline Earth Metals 3. Transition Elements 13-16. No Common Names 17. Hologens 18. Noble Gases

They are located on the left

They are located on the right

They are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals

It is the whole number for specific elements

Is equal to the number or protons in an atom

It represents the number of particles in the nucleus

Atoms are tiny particles of matter and the atoms of an element are similiar to each other and different from those of other elements, atoms of 2 or more different elements combine to form componds and atoms are rearranged to form new combinations in a chemical reaction

They are atoms of the same element. They have different mass numbers (Different # of netrons) and can have thw same number of protons. Can be distingushed by their atomic symbol

Its the weighted average of all naturally occuring isotopes of that element. It's the number on the Periodic Table below the Chemical Equation

Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, Positrons, and Gamma Rays

They have 2 protons and 2 neutrons (like a He nucleus) -- Has a mass number of 4, Atomic number of 2, has a charge of 2+ (fish symbol radiation)

These are high-level electrons and have a mass number of 0. They have a charge of -1 (high B radiation like a German S)

They are the example of Antimatter (opposite of Electrons)

They have high radiation (Energy only!) Have a mass number of 0, chave a charge of 0, and the symbol looks like an 8

S,P,D,F

S - 1 sublevel (2 e-) P - 2 Sublevels (6 e-) D - 3 Sublevels (10 e-) F - 4 Sublevels (14 e-)

It's a three-demintral space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found (holds 2 electrons)

Half-Life Isotope is the time for the radiotionlevel to decrease (decay) to one-half of the origional value

(1) Mono (2) di (3) tri (4) tetra (5) penta (6) hexa (7) hepta (8) octa (9) nona) (10) deca

When just enough fission occurs to keep the chainr eaction going (Nuclear Power!)

Positive

All atoms want a full octet ( 8 e-)

When valence electrons of a Metal Atom are transfered to the atom of a Nonmetal

Occurs whena nonmtal atom share electrons to attain a Noble gas arrangement

Positive

Ionic Compounds consist of Positive (cation) and Negative (anion) charged Ions

Hydroxide

Nitrate

Sulfate

Phosphate

PerChlorate

Carbonate

Ammonium

Sodium Hydroxide

Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory

It describes the orientation of electron groups about the central atom and states that electron groups are arranged as far apart as possible around the central atom

One end of the moleculr is more negatively (electrons) charged than the others. The polar bonds in the molecule do not conceal each other our and the electrons are shared unequally in the Polar Covalent Bond

They contrain nonpolar bonds (H-H , Cl-Cl) that cancel each other out

Electronegatively of an atom is its ability to attract the shared electrons in a bond

Combination, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Combustion

A+A -> AB

2HI -> H2 + I2

One element that takes place of another (2N + 2HCl -> 2NCl2H2)

2 Positive Ions switch places

Carbon-Containing molecule burns into the presence of O2 gas to produce CO2, H2) and energy/heat

Atoms are not gained or lost. The number of atoms in he reactants is equal to the number of atoms in the product

It provides us with energy from food, provides electrial energy in batteries, and even occurs when iron rusts.

The oxidation number of monatomic ions (1 atom) is the charge of the ion, the oxidation number is 0 for elements, the oxidation number is any compound must be the charge of the individual ions (EX. NA^+(1+)F^-(1-) = 0. Thats what NaF is)

Reactants (starting materials), Products, Reaction Arrows (-->, -><-) , Phases (g,l,s,aq), Balanced

When the reaction does not go to completion, or some of the reactant or product is lost, the ammount of product produced may be less

This is the maximum ammount of a product (100%), which is caluclated using the balanced equation

It's the amount of product ACTUALLY obtained

It's the ratio of the Actualy Yield to Theoretical Yield (Perfect Yield = Actualy Yield/Theretical Yield) * 100%)

It's the one determining hwo much of the product we can make (Like needing 2 bread and once cheese to make 1 grilled cheese but you only have 4 bread and 3 peices of cheese meaning you can only make 2 grilled cheese0

Collisions between reaction molecules, collisions with sufficient energy to break the bonds in the reactions, breaking of bonds between atoms of the reactants, and forming of new bonds to give products

It's the minimum energy required upon collision for a reaction to take place

It requirees less energy of the product and is less than the energy of the reactands. The heat od the reaction is released and Heat is a product

The Heat gets absorbed. The energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants. Heat is a Reactant

Pressure (atm, mmHg, Torr), Volume (L, mL), Amount (g, mol), Temperature (K)

P1V1=P2V2 (T and N remain constant)

Relationship between V & T when N & P remain constant (V1/T1 = V2/T2) -- Direct Relationship

The pressure experted by a gas is directly related to the Kelvin (K) Temperature
Volume (v) and Moles (n) are constant (P1/T1 = P2/T2)

Depends on the Vapor Pressures. Is lower at higher attitutes but is increased by using an autoclave to increase external pressure

It uses Boyle's Law, Charles Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law (n is constant) P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Solvent + Solute

Solvent is present in the Greatest Amount while the Solute is present in the Least Amount

They don't dissociate into ions and they're the only molecules in solution, they also do not conduct electricity

They dissociate into Ions

They dissociate 100%, they're only ions, conduct electricty, and are Ionic

They dissociate partially, are molecules & ions, and they conduct

C=KP - The Amount of gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of that gas over the liquid (If the pressure goes up so does it. If it goes down, so does pressure)

It's the only things that make a solid (s)

How much solute is in a solution

As concentration (conc.) decreases, the volume increases (C1V1=C2V2 AND/OR M1V1=M2V2) - Only the amount of solvent changes and the amount of solute stays the same (g or mol)

More concentration. Water moves in to lower concentration, mkaing the red Blood Cell get bigger (or burst)

less concentration. Water leaves and the red blood cell looses concentration. It shrinks. (shrinks -> Orentation)

How fast a reaction occurs

No. It's Irreversible

Yes. It's a reversible reaction

Molecules must collide, Molecules must collide with proper orientation, and molecules must collide with sufficent energy

The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to happen

It lowers the Activation Energy by providing an alternate reaction pathway (speeding it up). It is NOT consumed during a reaction

Reactants that can become Products, while Products can be Reactants
The Reaction does not stop, as it is dynamic

NO!! The [Reactants] do NOT equal [Products]
The [Reactants] & [Products] does not change

TRUE!

It tells us whether the rxn is Reaction or Product forward

Kc = 1 [Reactants] = [Products] M
Kc > 1 [Products] > [Reactants] Product Forward
Kc < 1 [Products] < [Reactants] Reacatant Forward

Any change in the equilibrium conditions upset the equilibrium of the system
A system at equilibrium under stress will shift to release the stress
There will be change in the Rate of Forward or Reverse reaction to return the system to Equilibrium

Adding a catalyst will speed up a reaction by lowering the Activation Energy, thus increasing the rate of the forward and reverse reactions
The time to reach Equilibrium is shorter; however, the same ratios of reactants and products are presence
** DOES NOT CHANGE THE EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURE **

Donate H+ / Proton

Accept H+ / Proton

The 6 weak Acids have OH in it, while the strong doesn't.

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HclOr, HNO33

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Conjugate bases are the species that are formed when an acid donates a proton. They are capable of accepting a proton in a reverse reaction, making them the counterpart to the original acid in an acid-base reaction. (Acid in Reactants -> CB in Products)