embryo exam 3

the pharyngeal apparatus consists of (x4) parts

components of the pharyngeal arch

the first pharyngeal arch forms 2 prominences...

what arch: malleus

what arch incus

what arch maxilla

meckel's cartilage what arch

stapes what arch

styloid process what arch

stylohyoid ligament what arch

lesser horn of hyoid bonr what arch

arch: greater horn of hyoid bone

body of hyoid, what arch

thyoid cartilage, what arch

cricoid cartilage, what arch

trigeminal n, what arch

muscles of mastication, what arch

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric, wjat arch

tensor tympani, what arch

tensor veli palatini, what arch

facial n, what arch`

muscles of facial ex[pression, arch

stapedius, what arch

stylohyoid, what arch

posterior belly of dogastric, what arch

glossopharyngeal n, what arch

stylopharyngeus, what arch

severe inflamation of the trigeminal n

laryngeal m, what arch

pharyngeal constrictors, what arch

levator veli palatini what arch

vagus n what arch

what syndrome; what arch

what disorder; what arch

what comes from the 1st pharyngeal pouch

what does the pharyngeal tympanic tube become

what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch form

whatforms from the 3rd pharyngeal poucg

ewhat forms the 4th pharyngeal pouch

what forms from the 1st pharyngeal cleft

what forms from the 2-4th pharyngeal clefdts

what can happen if the 2nd-4th pgaryngeal clefts arent oblitered

cyst formed when 2nd to 4th pharyngeal pouches dont obliterate

lateral cervical vyst with an opening to the world

what is this?

what is this?

where does the thyroiud start development

what does this show?

what does this show?

what does this show

what does thus show?

what does this shjow?

cranial part of skull

facial patrt of skull

what makes up the viscerocranium

what does this show; what suture

what does this show; what suturee

what does thus show? what suture

what does this show. what suture?

diagnosis?

diagnosis

ddx

ddx

ddx

minor abnormalities are present in _____ pf newborns (birth defects) major are present in _____-

anomalies account for _____- pf infanyt deayh

what causes birth defects (general breakdown)

result in morphologic alterations of already formed structures and are caused by destructive processes.

result from mechanical forces that mold a part of the fetus over a prolonged period. Clubfeet, for example, are caused by compression in the amniotic cavity
-may be reversible postnatally

a group of anomalies occurring together that have a specific common cause. This term indicates that a diagnosis has been made and that the risk of recurrence is known.

congenotal malformatons causesd by rubella exposure

congenital malformations caused by cytomegalovirus exposure

congenital abnormaloities xaused by herpes exposure

congenital abnormalities cxaused by toxoplasmosis exposure

congenital malformations caused by isotretinoin (accutane) exposure)

congenita malformaions caused by opioids exposure

congenital malformations cxaused by SSRi exposire

congenital malformations caused by valproic acid exposure

congenital malfornmations caused by amphetamines exposure

conenital defects caused by alcohol exposure

congenital defects caused by DES

congenital defects caused by ,maternal diabetes

congenital defects caused by maternal obesity

congenitak defects caused by organic mercury

The skin is the largest organ in the body and has a dual origin: (1) A superficial layer, the epidermis, develops from the surface _________________. (2) A deep layer, the dermis, develops from the underlying ______________

What are the endoderm-lined structures of the branchial apparatus?

What is the ectoderm-lined structure of the branchial apparatus?

What structure forms where a pharyngeal pouch meets a groove?

What two prominences does the first pharyngeal arch form?

What nerve innervates the first pharyngeal arch?

What skeletal derivatives come from the cartilage of the First Pharyngeal Arch?

What skeletal derivative comes from the dorsal end of the Second Pharyngeal Arch cartilage?

What muscle of the Second Pharyngeal Arch is innervated by CN VII?

What does the artery of the third pharyngeal arch persist as?

What structures form the tympanic membrane and the pharyngotympanic tube?

What structure remains of the Second Pharyngeal Pouch after the growth of the palatine tonsils?

What gland develops from the dorsal part of the Third Pharyngeal Pouch?

What two parts of the ear are formed by the otic vesicle?

What structure forms the Laryngeal Cartilages?

What is the first endocrine gland to form, starting on about day 24?

What is the superior opening of the thyroglossal duct that remains open on the dorsum of the tongue?

What condition is characterized by an abnormally short frenulum anchoring the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?

What two parts form the skull?

tympanic membrane germ layers?

What are the three middle ear ossicles?

What defect results from improper closing of the choroid fissure in the eye, creating a gap in the iris or iris and retina?

periderm?

What layer is often associated with anencephaly and means "no calvaria"?

Embryonic Period?

Gastrulation occur?

Neural tube begin to close and the heart begin to beat?

the pharyngeal pouches are ___________ lined and the pharyngealk grooves are __________ lined

Between the two parts of the first arch there develops a thin membrane. this membrane has two layers: an outer layer of ectoderm and an inner layer of
endoderm→this membrane eventually ruptures and produces and opening from the pharynx
to the amniotic cavity

develop (during the 7th week) from solid cords growing from the oral cavity. Neural crest cells form the stroma
and the oral epithelium forms the parenchyma.

results from persistence of the pharyngeal
grooves; branchial fistulas occur when the second arch fails to grow over the third and fourth
arches. Such a defect results in the formation of a...

normally pharyngeal cartilages disappear; remnants of cartilage or
bony elements under the skin anterior to the inferior 1/3 of the sternocleidomastoid persis

nvolves abnormalities of the heart, parathyroid gland, face, and
thymus gland (the degree to which the immune system is affected varies). Affected
individuals will have congenital heart disease, unusual facial features with low-set ears, a
small receding mandible, wide-set eyes and are born without parathyroid glands

abnormal development of 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches
• characteristic features include microtia, mandibular hypoplasia, microstomia, skin tags
and vertebral anomalies

most of the tongue muscles are derived from ___________ these are occompanied by this n

somatic sensation from the anterior 2/3 tongue from ...

visceral sensation from the anterior 2/3 tongue is from...

_- provides sensory inervation to the posterior 1/3 tongue

__________- supplies the palatoglossus and carries taste from the root of the tongue

abnormally short frenulum that anchors the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

paired and fuses with olfactory capsule, contributes to the
ethmoid bone

forms around the cranial end of the notochord and fuses with
cartilage from occipital somites→forms the base of occipital bone

forms around the developing pituitary gland (forms the body
of the sphenoid

The development of the face begins in the 4th week around the ____________________ and relies
on organizing centers related to the forebrain

nasal cavity is not continuous with the pharynx, blocked by nasal
epithelium (persistent buccopharyngeal membrane?); part of the CHARGE association

Charge associatio

type?

type?

these migrate into the skin and give rise to melanocyres

the dermis is derived from...

Beginning in the 6th week there are thickenings of the oral ectoderm (dental
lamina) from which tooth buds form and grow into the underlying mesenchyme. The
permanent teeth form from the deep parts of the tooth buds

Mesenchyme grows into each bud and gives it a cap shaped appearance. The
ectodermal portion is called the enamel organ. There are two layers to the enamel organ:
and inner and an outer layer. They are continuous at the epithelial root sheath. The deepest
part of the enamel organ invaginates and in this space the mesenchyme forms the dental
papilla that will give rise to the dental pulp. This entire structure is surrounded by a layer of
mesenchyme (dental sac). The dental sac will form the periodontal ligament and cementum
(holds the tooth in the socket

The developing tooth becomes bell-shaped. The mesenchyme of the dental
papilla forms odontoblasts (these cells produce predentin → dentin). The cells of the inner
enamel layer form ameloblasts that produce enamel. The root sheath regresses and become
associated with the root canal where it continues to form dentin. As a result the root canal is
reduced to a narrow cavity and the tooth has an outer, superficial covering of enamel and a
deeper layer of dentin. The enamel only covers the apex of the tooth

This disorder results from excessive keratinization of the skin, whereby the skin
appears as very dry and scaly. A harlequin fetus has an extreme form of this disorder where
the skin is abnormally thick and cracked; they typically die within a week of birth. A collodion
infant is covered in a thick membrane that cracks and eventually is shed revealing normal
skin

These anomalies are not true tumors but may appear as a mass within the skin.
They result from the persistence or surplus of blood or lymphatic vessels. Nevus flammeus
refers to a flat pink or red blotch that appears on the posterior aspect of the neck. A
hemangioma (port wine stain) also appears red but is found on the face

excessive hairiness; localized hypertrichosis is associated with spinal
bifida occulta

In this condition the enamel is improperly formed and is soft
and friable and the teeth are yellow or brown because of exposed dentin. Dentinogenesis
imperfecta is a common condition where the odontoblasts fail to differentiate and dentin is
not calcified.

abnormal development of the parts of the inner or middle ear

this gives rise to the membranous labarynth of the inner ear

cells from the otic placode and neural crest form the
vestibulocochlear ganglion

the external and middle ear are formed by...

the tympanic membrane is derived from...

bumps for cartilage and connective tissue; form certain parts of the ear

external ear defects are frequently occuring with _____________

most children with _______ have some degree of auditory dysfunction

a congenital condition where one or both ears are abnormally small or missing, sometimes with an absent ear canal (aural atresia)

– incudostapedial deformity
– stapes fixation, hypoplasia or aplasia

retina, posterior layers of iris and optic nerve tissue derivitive

lens and corneal epithelium tissue derivitive

fibrous and vascular coats tissue derivitive

choroid, sclera and corneal endothelium tissue derivitive

the ends of the optic cup will form

the outer layer of the optic cup becomes? and the inner layer becomes?

this space of the eye is associated with retinal detachment

the cillary bpody is derived from the _ and ______

the iris is formed at _____ and the gap becomes...

this supplies the developing lens and normally atrophies andthe lebs becomes avascular

the cornea is derived from (x3)

misalignment of the eyes

what causes strabismus

a single eye

synophthalmia

teardrop shaped pupils

no iris

no eyes

what causes congenital cataracts

The most common primary intraocular
malignancy in children (1:100,000)
• Derived from neural progenitors
(photoreceptor lineage) with mutation
in RB
• “white reflex”, poor eyesight,
strabismus, pain, glaucoma, retinal
mass on ophthalmic exam

Indicated by an increase in intraocular pressure caused by a defect or blockage of the draining system (scleral venous sinus)
Causes: genetic mutations (NF1), rubella infection, other eye defects

c;left lip what failed to fuse

median cleft lip what failed tp fuse

olique facial cleft what failed tp fuse

cleft palat ewhat failed to fuse

macrostomia, what failed to fuse