Midterm

- German businessman and amateur archaeologist
- Believed Homeric epics to be history and not fiction so he would falsify data
- Excavated major sites mentioned in Homeric epics like Troy and Mycenae

- Father of Archaeology on Crete
- Massive excavations on Knossos
- Focus on BA palace including winding rooms and corridors
- Fronted popular depiction of Minoans as peaceful civilization

- 8th c. Poet
- Connected to composition of the Odyssey and Iliad
- His epic poems inspired Schliemann's work at Troy and Mycenae

- 8th c. poet
- Theogony and Wars and Days
- Epic poetry, but not history although his works have historical information
- Reflections on political and social realities of archaic age

- Seemed to be descendants of Neolithic populations
- General term for the inhabitants of Crete during BA
- Minoan civilization was highly complex and stratified: elaborate palaces

- Middle and late BA population of Greek mainland, centered in the Argolid
- Site of Mycenae first encountered and excavated by Schliemann in 19th c.
- Martial culture ruled by warrior aristocracy

- Group of Aegean origin
- Raid and pillage their way across mediterranean in 12 c. BCE
- Defeated by Ramses III
- Responsible for collapse of Hittite Empire

- Deciphered Linear B
- Gave insight into Mycenaean civilization and language
- His work confirmed Mycenaean language was of Greek origin

- Located in the Argolid region on the Peloponnese Peninsula
- Excavated by T.W. Jacobsen
- Shows signs of inhabitants during the Neolithic Revolution because of cultivated plants and domesticated animal remains

- Late BA Mycenaean/Greek city-state in the Peloponnese
- Excavated by Schliemann in his pursuit of proving Homeric epics
- Associated with aristocratic martial because of tholos tombs

- Earliest settlement on Crete in Neolithic
- The most important site for Minoan civilization and chronology is Knossos
- Excavated by Sir Arthur Evans in the early 20thc.
- Longest-lasting and most significant of the Cretan cities and palace structures
- Earliest known settlement on Crete, dating to the Neolithic with continuity of occupation into the EM

- At Pylos
- Closer in concept to Minoan palaces than Mycenaean citadels
- Centered around megaron
- Large complex of workshops in the west, suggesting icnreased focus on production

- Archaeological process of grouping artifacts by type. These types change over time
- can be used to make chronology of ealy settlements
- Can plot the change of culture over time -- like with pottery

- Absolute chronologies are more precise, but they are not always more accurate
- Exact dates meant to represente periods
- For example, dendochonology is a form of absolute dating and it means that you count tree rings

- Examples include periodization of eras: Archaic Greece, classical era, etc
- Does not provide a date in years but still forms dating eras through context clues about culture at the time
- Includes stratigraphy which is the study of rock layers.

- transition to settled agriculture and domesticated animals
- sedentism came with the Neolithic revolution
- Forming of communities, beginning of poleis