final

hierarchical organization of society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or resources

argued that private property creates social inequality which ultimately leads to social conflict

believed that inequality is good because it means that some people are getting ahead and creating assets

karl marx, a notion of history that privileges conflict over economic material resources as the central struggle and driver of change in society

theory: inequality plays an important role in society bc it helps allocate the best people to the most important roles

theory: the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic animating force of social change and socity in general

the idea that everyone has an equal chance to achieve wealth, social prestige, and power because the rules of the game are the same for everyone

the idea that everyone should have an equal starting point in life

idea that each player must end up with the same amount regardless of the "fairness" of the game

politically based system of stratification characterized by limited mobility

a religion-based system of stratification characterized by no social mobility

an economically based hierarchical system characterized by cohesive oppositional groups and somewhat loose social mobility

system of stratification based on social prestige

poor- keep the poor from improving their lot in life
* public policy
* family structure

middle class- divergent fortunes

upper class- the new super rich

hierarchical organization of society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or resources

hierarchical organization of society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or resources

social position- social arrangements surrending different gender presentation

hierarchical organization of society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or resources

focus on power
argue that patriarchal capitalists benefit through systems that subordinate women

focus on "doing gender"
to be a man or women is to perform masculinity of feminity constantly

it is critical to understand the interplay between social identities
ex. race, class, gender, ability, sexuality

loss of earnings women experience after they have children

the labor and support of their wives help them to get ahead at work

invisible limit on women's climb up the occupational ladder

the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs

genetic differences arent that large between races
more related to societal perception

response to racial oppression: an organized effort to change a power dynamic

group of people with common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, traditional practices

formation of new racial identities
new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people

* low income, high imprisonment

* asian = very broad
* "model minority"

* ppl from the arabian peninsula, north africa, iran, iraq, and palestine

process by which human problems or experiences become defined as medical problems with medical solutions

the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society

legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of race/ ethnicity

people feel as though they are competing for the same resources

when a group flees from persecution

response to racial oppression: when a marginalized group attempts to blend in with the majority

response to racial oppression: when the oppressed group feins compliance and hides true feelings of resentment

response to racial oppression: an organized effort to change a power dynamic

one who holds prejudice and discriminates
Robert merton

theory of prejudice and discrimination

* say they support racial equality and act in ways that reflect this
merton

prejudiced but doesn't discriminate
merton

not prejudiced but does discriminate
merton

the view that racial inequality is perpetuated by a supposedly color blind stance that ends up reinforcing historical and contemporary inequities disparate impact and institution bias by ignoring them in favor of "just treating everyone identically"

the concept describing the social rights and obligations of a sick person
talcott parsons

* not perform normal social roles
* not be held accountable for their condition

* try to get will and seek competent help
* comply w doctor's orders

process by which human problems or experiences become defined as medical problems with medical solutions

* private market
* fee for service model
* doctors paid per person rather than per treatment

* can you afford to get pre-birth health screenings
* social and health factors of parents (ex. smoking)

*in the US white people get better health outcomes than all races
* shows societial inequality

the relationship between lower income and higher morbidity is not actually causual bc other factors such as genetics and biology affect health and socio-econonomic status

health causes social position
if you don't have good health you may not be able to work...

social status position determines health
low income causes higher morbidity and lower general health

* focus on individuals social status compared to those around them
* feelings of inqdequacy, low worth, stigma cause stress and bodily wear
*lead to sickness

*differential access to healthy life
* buying organic...

*social factors shape illness and health
* bc resources are unequally distributed, ppl with higher status have more resources and are more able to stay well

corporate families- children put to work on ex. farms
kinship networks v important

a trend of increasing inequality in living standards between men and women due to the widening gender gap in poverty

marriage within someones own social group

marriage outside someone's social group

SCOTUS case where a black woman and a white man attempted to be wed
they were not allowed on the matter of race
sued the state and won

dated term for interracial marriage

the two jobs of women today: paid labor outside the home and unpaid labor within the home

parenting strategy that parents nurture their children intensively by involving heavily in their children's academic sphere as well as offering them different structured “enrichment” activities so that their children can succeed in the future

the practice of child rearing that involves providing a child with care, love, and limits in order to allow the child to grow spontaneously
low parental involvement
lower class

*education
* socialization

the inability to read or write well enough to be a functioning member of society

having insufficient math skills to be a functioning member of society

nonacademic and less overt socialization functions of schooling
* ex. be on tim, speak politely to teachers, nationalism

a way of dividing students into different classes according to ability or future plans
* can further race and SES differences

psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area.

- family background
- differences in school resources
- private vs. public schools

an overemphasis on credentials for signialing social status or qualifications for a job

competition, property ownership, and free enterprise systems

precapitalist economic system with lords, vassals, serfs, fiefs

legal entity unto itself that has a legal personhood distinct from that of its members

competition is necessary
specialization is necessary

changing from a piecework payment to wage labor and then to a salary would depersonalize exchange

capitalism causes alienation
the working class will rise against the capitalist class, leading first to a period of socialism and then to communism

linked rise of capitalism to technology, ideas, and beliefs as well as the protestant reformation
weber was concerned about people's status under capitalism

a wage men used to be paid, enough to provide for his whole fam

the processes that create and intensify worldwide social exchanges