Lab 5: Structure Info

Function: Distributes oxygenated blood to the upper body.

Origin: Arises from the ascending aorta.

Structures/pathways: Gives rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

Function: Supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck.

Origin: Arises from the aortic arch.

Structures/pathways: Divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery.

Function: Supplies blood to the thoracic wall and organs.

Origin: Continuation of the aortic arch.

Structures/pathways: Travels downward through the thoracic cavity, branching into intercostal arteries.

Function: Supply blood to the intercostal spaces and muscles.

Origin: Anterior arises from the internal thoracic artery; posterior from the thoracic aorta.

Structures/pathways: Travel within the costal grooves of the ribs.

Function: Supplies blood to the anterior chest wall and breasts.

Origin: Arises from the subclavian artery.

Structures/pathways: Runs along the internal surface of the chest, giving rise to anterior intercostal arteries.

Function: Supplies blood to the head and neck.

Origin: Arises from the aortic arch.

Structures/pathways: Travels upward into the neck, where it bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries.

Function: Supplies blood to the left arm, part of the brain, and chest.

Origin: Arises from the aortic arch.

Structures/pathways: Travels under the clavicle toward the left arm.

Function: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Origin: Arises from the right ventricle of the heart.

Structures/pathways: Divides into left and right pulmonary arteries, supplying the respective lungs.

Function: Supplies blood to the posterior part of the brain.

Origin: Arises from the subclavian artery.

Structures/pathways: Travels through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae and into the skull.

Function: Provides attachment points for ribs and protection for internal organs.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Articulates with the manubrium above and the xiphoid process below.

Function: Supports the shoulder and connects the arm to the trunk.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Articulates with the sternum medially and scapula laterally.

Function: Upper portion of the sternum, provides attachment for the clavicles and first ribs.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Articulates with the body of the sternum and clavicles.

Function: Houses the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Located on the inferior aspect of each rib.

Function: Provides attachment for muscles and connects the arm to the thorax.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Articulates with the clavicle and humerus.

Function: Provides attachment for the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.

Origin: N/A (bone structure).

Structures/pathways: Located at the inferior end of the sternum.

Function: Forms the lower boundary of the rib cage.

Origin: N/A (formed by ribs 7-10).

Structures/pathways: Connects the lower ribs to the sternum.

Function: Passageway for the aorta to enter the abdomen.

Origin: Opening in the diaphragm.

Structures/pathways: Transmits the aorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct.

Function: Point where the trachea divides into the left and right primary bronchi.

Origin: Located at the base of the trachea.

Structures/pathways: Bifurcates into the mainstem bronchi.

Function: Passageway for the inferior vena cava to enter the thorax.

Origin: Opening in the diaphragm.

Structures/pathways: Transmits the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve.

Function: Potential space allowing lung expansion during inhalation.

Origin: N/A (pleural space).

Structures/pathways: Located between the diaphragm and the ribs.

Function: Passage for the esophagus and vagus nerves through the diaphragm.

Origin: Opening in the diaphragm.

Structures/pathways: Transmits the esophagus and vagus nerves.

Function: Transports food from the mouth to the stomach.

Origin: Extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

Structures/pathways: Passes through the esophageal hiatus into the abdomen.

Function: Contains muscles and vessels aiding in respiration.

Origin: Space between adjacent ribs.

Structures/pathways: Houses the intercostal muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.

Function: Lines the thoracic cavity and diaphragm, aids in lung expansion.

Origin: N/A (pleural membrane).

Structures/pathways: Outer layer of pleura lining the chest wall.

Function: Conducts air from the trachea to the lungs.

Origin: Bifurcates from the trachea at the carina.

Structures/pathways: Divides into secondary bronchi within each lung.

Function: Supplies air to individual lobes of the lungs.

Origin: Branches from the primary bronchus.

Structures/pathways: Further divides into tertiary bronchi.

Function: Transports air to the bronchi from the larynx.

Origin: Extends from the larynx to the carina.

Structures/pathways: Bifurcates into the left and right main bronchi.

Function: Covers the lungs and allows for smooth movement during respiration.

Origin: N/A (pleural membrane).

Structures/pathways: Inner layer of pleura covering the lungs.

Function: Accommodates the space for the heart in the left lung.

Origin: N/A (lung structure).

Structures/pathways: Medial surface indentation on the left lung.

Function: Provides a surface for lung expansion during respiration.

Origin: Inferior surface of the lungs.

Structures/pathways: Rests on the diaphragm.

Function: Separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung.

Origin: Present in the right lung.

Structures/pathways: Runs horizontally between the lobes.

Function: Facilitates gas exchange.

Origin: Found in both lungs.

Structures/pathways: Separated by the oblique fissure from the superior and middle lobes.

Function: Functions similarly to the middle lobe of the right lung.

Origin: Part of the left lung.

Structures/pathways: Projects from the upper lobe below the cardiac notch.

Function: Assists in gas exchange in the right lung.

Origin: Only in the right lung.

Structures/pathways: Located between the horizontal and oblique fissures.

Function: Separates lobes of the lung.

Origin: Present in both lungs.

Structures/pathways: Separates the inferior lobe from the others.

Function: Assists in gas exchange in the upper portion of the lung.

Origin: Present in both lungs.

Structures/pathways: Separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures.

Function: Elevates the first rib, aids in respiration.

Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Structures/pathways: Inserts onto the first rib.

Function: Primary muscle of respiration, separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Origin: Xiphoid process, lower ribs, and lumbar vertebrae.

Structures/pathways: Contracts to allow lung expansion.

Function: Elevate ribs during inhalation.

Origin: Inferior border of the rib above.

Structures/pathways: Insert into the superior border of the rib below.

Function: Rotates and flexes the trunk, aids in breathing.

Origin: Lower eight ribs.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the iliac crest and linea alba.

Function: Assist with forced exhalation.

Origin: Inferior border of the rib above.

Structures/pathways: Insert into the superior border of the rib below.

Function: Depress the ribs during forced exhalation.

Origin: Inferior border of the rib above.

Structures/pathways: Insert into the superior border of the rib below.

Function: Compresses the abdomen, aids in trunk rotation.

Origin: Iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the lower ribs and linea alba.

Function: Stabilizes the scapula, aids in breathing.

Origin: Ribs 3-5.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula.

Function: Flexes the vertebral column, compresses the abdomen.

Origin: Pubic crest and symphysis.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7.

Function: Protracts the scapula and aids in arm elevation.

Origin: Lateral surfaces of the first 8-9 ribs.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the medial border of the scapula.

Function: Depresses the lower ribs during exhalation.

Origin: Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the lower ribs.

Function: Elevates the upper ribs during inhalation.

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the upper ribs.

Function: Constricts the trachea, aiding in air expulsion.

Origin: Posterior aspect of the trachea.

Structures/pathways: Spans the gap between the ends of the tracheal cartilage rings.

Function: Compresses abdominal contents, stabilizes the spine.

Origin: Iliac crest, lower ribs, and thoracolumbar fascia.

Structures/pathways: Inserts into the linea alba and pubic crest.

Function: Depress ribs during forced expiration.

Origin: Posterior surface of the sternum.

Structures/pathways: Insert into the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6.

Function: Controls the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

Origin: Arises from the medulla oblongata.

Structures/pathways: Travels through the neck and thorax into the abdomen.

Function: Innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Origin: Arises from the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.

Structures/pathways: Travels through the jugular foramen.

Function: Controls the diaphragm, essential for breathing.

Origin: Arises from C3-C5 spinal nerves.

Structures/pathways: Travels along the pericardium to the diaphragm.

Function: Drains blood from the head, neck, and arms into the superior vena cava.

Origin: Formed by the union of the subclavian and internal jugular veins.

Structures/pathways: Merges with the contralateral vein to form the superior vena cava.

Function: Returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Origin: Formed by the union of the common iliac veins.

Structures/pathways: Travels through the diaphragm’s caval opening to the right atrium.

Function: Drains blood from the intercostal spaces.

Origin: Arise from the intercostal muscles and spaces.

Structures/pathways: Drain into the azygos or hemiazygos veins.

Function: Drains blood from the brain, face, and neck.

Origin: Continuation of the sigmoid sinus in the brain.

Structures/pathways: Merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

Function: Drains blood from the anterior chest wall and breasts.

Origin: Arises from the intercostal spaces.

Structures/pathways: Drains into the brachiocephalic vein.

Function: Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Origin: Exit from the lungs.

Structures/pathways: Empty into the left atrium of the heart.

Function: Drains blood from the upper extremities and returns it to the heart.

Origin: Continuation of the axillary vein.

Structures/pathways: Merges with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

Function: Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

Origin: Formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins.

Structures/pathways: Drains into the right atrium of the heart.