Biology Exam #3 - Cancer

Prokaryotic organisms lack:

A. replicator molecules (DNA or RNA).
B. cell membranes.
C. metabolism.
D. membrane-bound organelles.
E. All of the above.

The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure?
Question 2 Select one:

a.kinetochore
b.centromere
c.centrosome
d.cleavage furrow

Which organelle uses the message from the nucleus (mRNA) to build a protein according to the mRNA instructions?

a.nucleus
b.mitochondria
c.centrosome
d.ribosome

The mechanism by which the information contained in DNA is coded into a complementary RNA copy is called:

A.replication.
B.the central dogma.
C.the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis.
D.transcription.
E.translation.

Sugar and CO2 are dissolved in water to make carbonated soft drinks. Which of the following is the solute?

A.the water and the sugar
B.the CO2 only
C.the water and the CO2
D.the sugar only
E.the sugar and the CO2

Which form of bulk transport would be used when your white blood cells are swallowing up pathogens?

a.endocytosis: receptor-mediated
b.exocytosis
c.endocytosis: pinocytosis
d.endocytosis: phagocytosis

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes has the same function as what in eukaryotes?

a.codon
b.5' cap
c.poly-A tail
d.anticodon

Prokaryotic organisms lack

The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure?

Which organelle uses the message from the nucleus (mRNA) to build a protein according to the mRNA instructions?

The mechanism by which the information contained in DNA is coded into a complementary RNA copy is called

Sugar and CO₂ are dissolved in water to make carbonated soft drinks. Which of the following is the solute?

Which form of bulk transport would be used when your white blood cells are swallowing up pathogens?

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes has the same function as what in eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes.

When cyclin dependent kinase is bound to cyclin and is phosphorylated, this would be compared to what traffic signal for the cell cycle?

Which type of junction allows cells' cytosols to be connected?

Membrane-bound vesicles containing a substance synthesized by a cell fuse to the outer cell membrane and release their contents to the outside world. What is this process called?

All of the mRNA molecule is translated into amino acids.

Which checkpoint is necessary to prevent improper separation of sister chromatids?

A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle regulator is called aNo _____.

Which cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ structurally and biochemically from its surroundings?

The Na⁺/K⁺ pump moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. What type of transporter is it?

All the following are involved in the secretion of insulin from a cell in the pancreas except:
a. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
b. lysosomes.
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What makes the phospholipid arrange themselves into a bilayer?

The purpose of mitosis is to enable existing cells:
A. to die on purpose.
B. to generate new, genetically identical cells.
C. to grow.
D. to generate new, genetically diverse cells.
E. to generate gametes.

Which of the following is a correct description of how exocytosis functions in transporting molecules across the cellular membrane?
A. Vesicles are filled with molecules in the interior of the cell and then fuse with the membrane to deposit the molecules outside of the cell.
B. A receptor protein on the outside of the cell binds to a particular biochemical, causing the membrane to form an indentation and bring the biochemical into the cell.
C. Protein molecules on the interior of the cellular membrane trap molecules attached on the exterior side and bring them into the cell.
D. Nutrients are moved within the cell from one tightly woven network to another.

The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells forms what structure?

Which type of organelle forms the cell plate and cell membranes in plants during cytokinesis?

If your blood oxygen saturation is 95% and falls to 88%, what would happen to the diffusion of oxygen?

If you gave a person highly concentrated saline solution in an IV, what would happen to their cells?

The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is maintained by which molecule?

Which molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome that match the instructions found in the mRNA?

The chromosomes become visible under a light microscope during which stage of mitosis?

Why are the fatty acid tails of a phospholipid hydrophobic?

Which of the following is the most important factor governing a cell's particular type of interaction with other cells?

Which of the following are potentially transcribed and translated?
a. non-coding DNA
b. exons
c. poly-A tail
d. introns

Why is it important to check for DNA damage in the G1 checkpoint?

Put the steps of transcription in order using the descriptions below.
A. RNA polymerase builds a copy of the DNA.
B. RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter.
C. Cap and tail are added to the RNA.
D. RNA polymerase encounters a termination sequence.
E. Removal of introns.

A normal cell has a low concentration of sodium on the inside and a high concentration on the outside. Yet, the net movement of sodium is out of the cell. What type of transport is involved?

Mitosis results in

Deletions and substitutions are two types of point mutations. Which is more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins?

Which of the following is NOT an important structural feature on the surface membrane of an animal cell?
A. cholesterol
B. sugar molecules
C. lipid bilayer
D. cell wall
E. glycoproteins

A mutation that involves the addition, subtraction, or substitution of a single base is known as

Cells need the same amount of each RNA and protein at all times.

What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called?

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Which of the following are only in plant cells?
a. desmosomes
b. plasmodesmata
c. tight junctions
d. gap junctions

The process of using the information encoded in mRNA molecules to assemble polypeptides from amino acids is called

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?
a. E. coli
b. charophyte algae
c. influenze A virus
d. amoeba

Which of the following is the outermost feature on the surface of a plant cell?

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Since potassium has a higher concentration inside of the cell than outside, why doesn't it reach equilibrium?

When does the ribosome stop adding amino acids to the chain?

What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?
A. few to no organelles in the cytoplasm
B. a nuclear membrane
C. a nucleoid
D. a cell wall

What molecule is being made during transcription?

Three different bacteria species have the following consensus sequences upstream of a conserved gene.
Species A Species B Species C
-10 TAATAAT TTTAAT. TATATT
-35 TTGACA TTGGCC TTGAAA
Order the bacteria from most to least efficient initiation of gene transcription.

Which of the following correctly describes the locations of transcription and translation within a eukaryotic cell?

If the probability of a point mutation in a species were 10⁻⁸ per base pair per generation and each gamete in that species contained 3 × 10⁸ base pairs, how many new point mutations would you expect per gamete per generation?

In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________.