1What is the origin of the humeral head of pronator teres?
CFO - medial epicondyle (slightly above on epicondyle)
2What is the origin of the ulnar head of pronator teres?
coronoid process of the ulna
3What is the insertion of pronator teres?
pronator tubercle of radius (lateral surface of radius, middle 1/3)
4What are the actions of pronator teres?
pronation at radioulnar joints and assists in flexion at humeroulnar joint
5What is the innervation of pronator teres?
median nerve (C6-7)
6What is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?
CFO - medial epicondyle
7What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?
base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal (palmar surface)
8What are the actions of flexor carpi radialis?
flexion and radial deviation (abduction) at the radiocarpal/midcarpal joints and assists in flexion at humeroulnar joint
9What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?
median nerve (C6-7)
10What is the origin of palmaris longus?
CFO - medial epicondyle
11What is the insertion of palmaris longus?
palmar aponeurosis
12What are the actions of palmaris longus?
tightens palmar aponeurosis and assists in flexion at humeroulnar joint
13What is the innervation of palmaris longus?
median nerve (C6-7)
14What is the origin of the humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris?
CFO - medial epicondyle
15What is the origin of the ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris?
olecranon and posterior border of ulna (superior 2/3)
16What is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?
pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
17What are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris?
flexion and ulnar deviation (adduction) at the radiocarpal/midcarpal joints and weak assistance in flexion at humeroulnar joint
18What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?
ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
19What is the origin of the humeroulnar head of flexor digitorum superficialis?
CFO - medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna (medial side)
20What is the origin of the radial head of flexor digitorum superficialis?
radius (anterior surface - superior half)
21What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?
shaft of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
22What are the actions of flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexion at the MCP and PIP joints of digits 2-5 and assists in flexion of the elbow and wrist
23What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?
median nerve (C6-7)
24What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?
proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
25What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?
base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
26What are the actions of flexor digitorum profundus?
flexion at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits 2-5 and assists in flexion of elbow and wrist
27Which nerve innervates the lateral part (digits 2 and 3) of flexor digitorum profundus?
median nerve - anterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8-T1)
28Which nerve innervates the medial part (digits 4 and 5) of flexor digitorum profundus?
ulnar nerve (C7-C8-T1)
29What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?
anterior surface of radius (middle 1/2) and interosseous membrane
30What is the insertion of flexor pollicis longus?
base of distal phalanx of 1st digit (thumb)
31What are the actions of flexor pollicis longus?
flexion at the MCP and IP joints of the 1st digit and assists in flexion of the wrist
32What is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus?
anterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8-T1)
33What is the origin of pronator quadratus?
distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of ulna
34What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?
distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of radius (slightly distal to origin)
35What are the actions of pronator quadratus?
pronation of the forearm and binds radius and ulna together
36What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?
anterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8-T1)
37Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
38Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone embedded within the tendon of FCU?
pisiform
39Which carpal bone is the most stable carpal?
- capitate
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- hamate
40Which nerve gives off the anterior interosseous nerve as it passes through the pronator teres?
median nerve
41Which nerve passes through the cubital tunnel posterior to the medial epicondyle?
ulnar nerve
42Which nerve passes through Guyon's canal / ulnar tunnel into the hand?
ulnar nerve
43Does the ulnar nerve pass through the carpal tunnel?
No
44What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Synovial pivot joint [Diarthrosis]
45What type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint (interosseous membrane)?
Syndesmosis [Amphiarthrosis]
46What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Synovial pivot joint [Diarthrosis]
47What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Synovial biaxial condyloid joint [Diarthrosis]
48What type of joint is the midcarpal joint?
Synovial plane joint [Diarthrosis]
49What type of joint are the 1st and 5th carpometacarpal (CMC) joints?
saddle joint
50What type of joint are the 2nd-4th carpometacarpal (CMC) joints?
plane joint
51What type of joint are the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints?
condyloid joints
52What type of joint are the interphalangeal (IP) joints?
hinge joints
53What is CFO an abbreviation for?
common flexor origin
54What is CEO an abbreviation for?
common extensor origin
55Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris
56Which muscle makes up the middle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
57Which muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus