1Aeschylus
- An ancient Greek playwright known for his contributions to tragedy.
2Aeschylus
Tragedian known for themes of justice and fate.
3Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
Prominent playwrights of ancient Greece whose works contributed to the cultural landscape.
4Agora
The central public space in ancient Greek city-states used for assemblies and markets.
5Agora
The central public space in ancient Greek city-states used for assemblies and markets.
6Alcibiades
Controversial Athenian leader during the Peloponnesian War.
7Alcibiades
Controversial Athenian leader with shifting loyalties.
8alphabet
A system of writing that includes letters representing sounds, adopted by the Greeks from the Phoenicians.
9Archidamian War
Initial phase of the Peloponnesian War (431-421 BC).
10Archidamian War
Initial phase of the Peloponnesian War.
11Aristophanes
Comic playwright critiquing society through satire.
12Aristophanes
Comic playwright who critiqued society during the war.
13Arthur Evans
An archaeologist known for discovering the Minoan civilization at Knossos on Crete.
14Athenian naval empire
The maritime dominance of Athens in the Aegean Sea.
15barbaros
A term used by Greeks to describe non-Greek speakers or foreigners.
16basileus
A term for a king or chief in early Greek society.
17Battle of Sybota
Naval battle involving Corcyra and Corinth.
18Battle of Sybota
Naval conflict involving Corcyra and Corinth.
19Bipolarity
The division of the Greek world into two opposing spheres of influence, Athenian and Spartan.
20Brasidas
Spartan general noted for his military successes.
21Brasidas
Spartan general noted for military successes.
22Cimon
A prominent Athenian statesman and general associated with the Delian League.
23Citizenship law of 451
A law that restricted Athenian citizenship to those with Athenian parents.
24Citizenship law of 451
Legislation that defined citizenship in Athens, impacting who could participate in the democratic process.
25city-state
A political unit in ancient Greece consisting of a city and its surrounding territory.
26Cleon
Athenian demagogue advocating aggressive war policies.
27Cleon
Athenian demagogue known for his aggressive policies.
28Cleruchy
A type of Athenian colony where settlers maintained their Athenian citizenship.
29Commercial rivalry
The competition between Athens and Corinth for trade and resources.
30Delian League
An alliance of Greek states led by the Athenians to prevent a Persian takeover of Greece.
31Delian League
An alliance of Greek states led by the Athenians to prevent a Persian takeover.
32demos
The population or territory of a city-state in ancient Greece.
33Discobolus
A famous ancient Greek statue representing an athlete throwing a discus.
34Ephialtes
A reformer known for his contributions to Athenian democracy.
35Epiklēros
A term referring to a daughter who could inherit her father's estate in the absence of male heirs.
36Epiklēros
A woman in ancient Greece who could inherit property if she had no brothers.
37Erastes
Older male in a mentorship relationship.
38Erastes
Older male lover in a pederastic relationship.
39Erastes / erōmenos
Terms referring to the older male lover and the younger male beloved in a pederastic relationship.
40Erastes / Erōmenos
Terms used in ancient Greece to describe a romantic relationship between an older man and a younger male.
41Erechtheum
An ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis of Athens, known for its unique architecture.
42Erechtheum
An ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis, known for its unique architectural features.
43Eromenus
Younger male beloved in a pederastic relationship.
44Eromenus
Younger male in a mentorship relationship.
45ethnē
Nations or groups of people in ancient Greece.
46Euboea, Boeotia, & Megara
Regions involved in the territorial disputes and political dynamics of ancient Greece.
47Euripides
An ancient Greek playwright known for his innovative approach to tragedy.
48Euripides
Tragedian who emphasized human emotion and social issues.
49First Peloponnesian War
A conflict between Athens and its rivals, occurring from 460 to 445 BC.
50First Peloponnesian War
A conflict between Athens and Sparta from 460 to 445 BC.
51geometric style
A style of Greek pottery that emerged in the 9th century BC, characterized by geometric patterns.
52Gorgias of Leontini
Rhetorician known for arguments against objective truth.
53Gorgias of Leontini
Rhetorician who argued for the power of persuasion.
54Heinrich Schliemann
A German archaeologist known for his excavations at Troy and Mycenae.
55Hellenic identity
A powerful sense of shared Greek culture and unity forged during the struggle against Persia.
56Hellenic identity
A powerful sense of shared Greek culture and unity forged in response to external threats.
57Herodotus
An ancient Greek historian often referred to as the 'Father of History.'
58Herodotus
Historian known for narrative style and storytelling.
59heroic revival
A period in Greek history characterized by a renewed interest in heroic ideals and narratives.
60Hesiod
An ancient Greek poet known for his works that provide insight into early Greek society and mythology.
61homeric epics
Epic poems attributed to Homer, including the Iliad and the Odyssey, reflecting a nostalgic view of the heroic past.
62iron age
A period in ancient Greece characterized by the use of iron and a decline in palatial culture.
63Ischomachus
A character in Xenophon's Oeconomicus who discusses marriage and domestic roles.
64Ischomachus in Xenophon's Oeconomicus
A character that discusses the roles and expectations within marriage in ancient Greece.
65Lefkandi
An archaeological site on Euboea, significant for its findings from the early Iron Age.
66Lerna
An archaeological site in the Argolid, significant for understanding the early Greek Bronze Age.
67Linear B
A syllabic script used for writing Mycenaean Greek, deciphered by Michael Ventris.
68Liturgies
Public services in Athens that were funded by wealthy citizens as part of their civic duty.
69Liturgies
Public services performed by wealthy Athenians as part of their civic duty.
70Marriage in Ancient Greece
An institution that sustained the oikos (household) and family membership, primarily for procreation and social stability.
71Megara
City-state sanctioned by Athens during conflicts.
72megaron
The main hall of a Mycenaean palace, typically featuring a central hearth.
73Metics
Resident aliens in Athens who were not citizens but had certain rights.
74Minoan Civilization
An Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete.
75Mousikē
Poetical training combining music and poetry.
76Mousikē
Poetical training in music and arts in Greece.
77Mycenae
An important archaeological site in Greece, known for its significant role in the Mycenaean civilization.
78Mycenean Civilization
A late Bronze Age civilization that developed in mainland Greece.
79Nicias
Athenian general known for his role in the war.
80Nicias
Athenian general known for Peace of Nicias.
81Nomos
The concept of law or custom in ancient Greek society.
82Nomos
The concept of law or custom in ancient Greek society.
83Oikos
The household or family unit in ancient Greece.
84oikos
The household or family unit in ancient Greek society.
85Palace at Cnossos
The largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete, associated with the Minoan civilization.
86panhellenism
The idea of cultural unity among all Greek city-states.
87Parthenon
A temple on the Acropolis of Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena.
88Parthenon
A temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to the goddess Athena.
89Peace of Callias
A treaty that ended hostilities between the Greek city-states and Persia.
90Peace of Callias
A treaty that ended hostilities between the Greeks and the Persians.
91Peace of Nicias
Temporary truce between Athens and Sparta.
92Peace of Nicias
Treaty that temporarily halted hostilities in 421 BC.
93Peloponnesian War
27-year conflict between Athens and Sparta.
94Peloponnesian War
Conflict between Athens and Sparta lasting 27 years.
95Pericles
The leading politician in Athens from 461 to 429 BC, instrumental in the development of Athenian democracy.
96Pericles
The leading politician in Athens from 461 to his death in 429, known for his role in the growth of Athenian democracy.
97Physis
The concept of nature or natural order in ancient Greek philosophy.
98Physis
The natural order or nature, often contrasted with human-made laws.
99Potidaea
City-state central to Athenian-Macedonian tensions.
100Potidaea
City-state involved in conflict with Athens.
101Procne
A character from Sophocles who comments on the institution of marriage.
102Protagoras of Abdera
Philosopher known for 'man is the measure of all things.'
103Protagoras of Abdera
Philosopher known for 'Man is the measure' doctrine.
104protogeometric style
An early style of Greek pottery characterized by simple geometric shapes and patterns.
105Pylos
An important Mycenaean site known for its well-preserved palace and Linear B tablets.
106Radical democracy
A form of democracy in Athens where positions of government were filled by ordinary citizens rather than elites.
107Ritual of marriage
A ceremonial event that reinforced gender roles and domestic space within a marriage.
108Sanctions against Megara
Economic penalties imposed by Athens on Megara.
109shaft graves
Graves characterized by vertical shafts, used in Mycenaean burial practices.
110Sicilian Expedition
Failed Athenian campaign against Sicily (415-413 BC).
111Social mobility
The ability for individuals to move between social classes, which increased in Athens due to the wealth from the Delian League.
112Sophist
A teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, often associated with relativism.
113Sophists
Teachers promoting rhetoric and relativism in thought.
114Sophists
Teachers who focused on rhetoric and relativism.
115Sophocles
An ancient Greek playwright known for his tragedies.
116Sophocles
Tragedian noted for character development and moral complexity.
117Sophocles' character Procne
A character that provides insights into the views on marriage in ancient Greece.
118Spartan land empire
The territorial control exercised by Sparta over mainland Greece.
119Thirty Tyrants
Oligarchic government imposed on Athens post-war.
120Thirty Tyrants
Oligarchic regime imposed in Athens post-war.
121Thirty Years' Peace
A treaty intended to establish peace between Athens and Sparta, though its durability was questionable.
122Thirty Years' Peace
A treaty that aimed to establish peace between Athens and Sparta.
123tholos tombs
Beehive-shaped burial structures used in Mycenaean funerary practices.
124Thucydides
An ancient Greek historian known for his work on the Peloponnesian War.
125Thucydides
Historian focused on factual accuracy and analysis.
126timē
A Greek term meaning value, honor, or respect.
127Trial of Socrates
Socrates charged with corrupting youth and impiety.
128Trial of Socrates
Socrates was charged with impiety and corrupting youth.
129Tribute from the DL
Financial contributions from member states of the Delian League that made Athens notably more wealthy.
130wanax
The term for a king or ruler in Mycenaean society.
131xenia
The ancient Greek concept of guest-friendship, emphasizing hospitality and reciprocal generosity.