1What is the biggest bacteria found?
*Thiomargarita magnifica
2Pairs of cocci name?
*diplococci
*diplobacilli
3Chains of cocci name?
*streptococci
*streptobacilli
4two cocci is called?
*diplococci
5*four cocci are called?
*tetrad
6big cluster of cocci called?
staphylococci
7What is the smallest spiral bacteria called?
*vibrio
8What is the thick long spiral bacteria called?
Spirillum
9What is the thin and medium length spiral bacteria called?
*Spirochete
10name of star shaped bacteria?
*stella
11square shaped bacteria name?
*haloarcula
12What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?
*coccus (round)
*bacillus (rod)
*spirilla (spiral)
13What is the average size of bacteria?
*0.2-1.0 micro meters (diameter) to 2-8 micrometers (length)
14What is a glycocalyx?
*outside cell wall (in between capsule and plasma membrane)
*extracellular polycellular polysaccharide allows cells to attatch
15Purpose of bacterial capsule?
*prevent phagocytosis
16Structure of slime layer?
unorganized and loose
17What is seen with a capsule stain?
*gel like layer surrondes some microbes is stained
18difference between s layer and slime layer?
19What is the structure, function, and location of glycocalyx?
20What is chemotaxis?
movement of organism or utlility in response to chemical stimulus
21What do flagella enable?
*motility and chemotaxis
22What three rings make up the flagella base?
*L ring (top)
*P ring (middle)
*C ring (base)
23What is single flagellum called?
*monotrichous
24What is bacteria with single flagellum at both ends called?
Amphitrichous
25What is bacteria with two or more flagella at one or both ends called?
*Lophotrichous
26What is bacteria with randomly distributed flagella (over entire cell) called?
*Peritrichous
27What three movements are assoicated with flagella?
*running
*tumbling
*swimming
28What movement is assoicated with a pilus?
twitch
29What is structurally different about pilus' compared to flagella?
*pilus (thinner and shorter) "hair like appendages"
30Term for bacteria attatching to a surface?
*gliding
31What does tumbling mean (in terms of bacterial flagella)?
*random orientation
32What way does counterclockwise rotation (by flagella) move bacteria cell?
*toward attractant (forward)
33What does clockwise rotation do for bacterium?
*stops forward motion
*cell tumbles and changes direction
34How do bacteria use Fimbriae?
*for attachment (in gram neg cells)
35How do bacteria use pilli?
*transfer DNA from one cell to another
*helps with movement
36How do spirochetes move?
*have endoflagella (specifically axial filaments)
37How are endoflagella (in spirochetes) structured?
*anchored at one end of the cell
*extends the length of the cell
38How do spirochetes move?
*rotation of axial filaments within the endoflagella
39Structure of bacterial cell wall?
*single, interlinked molecule that encloses entire cell
40What is the peptidoglycan structure of the cell wall?
*alternating series of subunits form glycan chains
*NAM
*NAG
41NAM glycan chain stands for?
N-acetylmuramic acid
42NAG glyclan chain stands for?
N-acetylglycosamine
43What links glycan chaing in a peptidoglycan structure (forms cell wall)?
*tetrapeptide chain
44What type of peptide bonds are found in gram-positive cells?
*peptide interbridge
45Lipid A endotoxin makes up what portion of the outer membrane in gram neg bacteria?
*LPS
46What are protoplasts?
spherical cells that results from loss of cell wall
47How does PCN impact bacteria?
prevents new linkages in teh cell wall from forming
48What are mollicutes?
*bacteria without the cell wall
49What mechanism do bacteria use to bring things into cell?
*ABC transporter
*ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter
50How does the ABC transporter system work?
*substrate binding protein brings solute to enzyme (transporter membrane protein)
51What mechanism do bacteria use to get protein out of a cell?
*Efflux complex
*SS (secretion system)
52What does SS stand for?
*secretion system
53What type of bacteria produces endospores?
*gram positive bacilli
54What does sporulation mean?
*endospore formation
55What does germination mean?
*return to vegetative state