1Primary sex organ for males? Function?
*Testes
-produces sperm; secretes sex hormone (androgens)
2What are androgens?
*hormones that help with puberty, sexual function and body development.
3What is the primary sex organ of females? Function?
*ovaries
-produce ova; secretes sex hormones (estrogen & progesterone)
4What are the male secondary sex organs?
*ductus deferens
*accesory glands
*penis
5What is the purpose of secondary sex organs in males?
*deliver sperm
6What are the secondary sex organs of female?
*uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
7What is the purpose of the primary sex organs in females?
*receive sperm and nourish a developing fetus
8What are the secondary sex characteristics of both males and females?
*pubic hair
*axillary hair with scent glands
9Secondary sex characteristics of males? (physcial features)
*muscular physique
*facial hair
*corse hair on torso and limbs
*deep voice
10Secondary sex characteristics of females? (physical characteristics)
*enlarged breasts
*distribution of body fat
*flared hips
*relatively hairless
11Purpose of accessory glands?
*empty their secretions into the ducts during ejaculation
12What is the first gland that secretes secretions into seminal fluid?
*seminal vesicle
13What duct exists the seminal vesicle?
*ejactulatory duct
14At what age do the testes of males begin to descend?
*2 months before birth
15Med term for undescended testes?
Cryptorchidism
16What is Cryptorchidism?
*undescended testes
17What is an Inguinal Hernia?
*protrusion of a part of the intestine into scrotum or groin area
18Med term for protrosion of intestine into scrotum or groin area?
Inguinal Hernia
19Inguinal hernia is a congenital, acquired condition or both?
*(both) congenital and acquired
20What is the scrotum?
*sac of skin & superficial fascia (divided by septum) and hangs outside the abdominal cavity
21What temperature is in the scrotum?
*3 degres Celsius (lower than core temperature)
22Why is the temperature lower in teh scrotum?
*necessary for viable sperm production
23What two muscles enable the altered temperature of scrotum?
*Cremaster muscle
*Dartos Muscle
24Location of Cremaster and Dartos Muscles and purpose?
*within the scrotum, allows maintenance of temperature
25What two tunics surrond each testis? which is outermost?
*tunica vaginalis (outer)
*tunica albuginea (inner fibrous)
26What are seminiferous tubules?
*tightly coiled tubules in testes
27Where are spermatogenic cells located? what do they do?
*produce sperm and are located in testes
28What cells produce testosterone (where are they located)?
*Interstial Endocrine cells (Leydig Cells) in between semiferous tubules
29What highly coiled tube or ducts stores sperm and helps them mature?
*Epididymis
30What is the Epididymis?
*highly coiled tube or duct that stores and matures sperm
31What supplies blood to the testis?
*testicular arteries (from aorta)
32Testicular veins forms the _____ plexus and drains into ______.
Testicular veins form the Pampiniform plexus (drains into) testicular vein.
33Explain blood supply to, through, and from the tesis?
*testicular arteries (from the aorta)
*pampiniform plexus
*testicular veins
34What is the spermatic cord? What does it pass through?
*cordlike structure that passes through the inguinal canal to each testis
35What does the spermatic cord contain?
*ductus (vas) deferens
*blood vessels
*nerves
*lymphatics
*muscle and CT
36Med term for inflammation/infection of epididymis?
*Epididymitis
37What is Epididymitis?
*inflammation/infectino of the epididymis
38Med term for twisting of testis?
Testicular torsion
39What is Testicular Torsion?
twisting of tesis
40What male preproductive organs delivers sperm into the female reproductive system?
*penis
41What are the three major portions of the penis?
*root
*shaft
*glans
42Name of the cuff of loose skin covering the glans of penis?
*prepuce (foreskin)
43Names, amount, and location of male erectile tissue?
*Corpus Spongiosum (one) around urethra
*Corpora Cavernosa (two) above the urethra
44What is the corpus spongiosum?
*erectile tissue (surroding the urethra portion of penis)
45What is the Corpora Cavernosa?
*erectile tissue above the urethra
46What do the paried seminal vesicles (glands) produce?
*viscous alkaline fluid (60% of semen)
47What does semen mean?
*fluid and sperm
48What glands produce viscous alkaline fluid (that is 60% of fluid)?
*paired seminal vesicles
49What gland encircles the urethra inferior to the bladder?
Prostate gland
50What does the prostate gland produce?
*milky, slightly acid fluid (30% of semen)
51What gland produces (30% of semen) that is milkly/slighlty acid fluid?
*Prostate gland
52What gland(s) produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal?
*bulbo-urethral glands (pair)
53What pair of glands releases a thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal
*bulbo-urethral glands
54What is the composition of semen?
*90% accessory gland secretions
*10% sperm
55What is the physical appearance of semen?
*milky-white, sticky mixture
56# of sperm per ml?
20-150 million
57Ph of semen and why?
*7.2-8.0 ph enhances the sperms motility
58What is spermatogenesis?
series of events in seminiferous tubules that produces male gametes (sperm)
59Explain genetic composition of most body cells:
*diploid (2n) and contain 23 homologous pair of chromosomes (46)
60What process enables gamet formation? (clue starts with m)
*Meiosis
-involves two consecutive cell divisions
-involves one round of dna replication
-results in 4 haploid cells
61What are spermatogonia? What process do they undergo?
Spermatogonia are stem cells that undergo mitosis
62What are the two cell types of Spermatogonia?
*Type A (daughter cell) remains a stem cell
*Type B (daughter cell) develops into primary spermatocyte
63Why type of spermatogonia cells develop into a primary spermatocyte?
Type B daughter cell
64Explain how Type B Spermatogonia develops:
*Type B spermatogonia> becomes primary spermatocyte> > undergoes meiosis 1> becomes 2 secondary spermatocytes> undergoes meiosis 2> becomes 4 spermatids> then become sperm through spermiogenesis
65What process enables spermatids to become sperm?
*sperminogenesis
66Three main structures of sperm? What do they individually contain?
*Head (nucleus and acrosome)
*Midpiece (mitochondria)
*Tail (flagellum)
67Name of supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules that form the blood-testis barrier?
Sustentocytes
68Function of Sustentocytes? Where are they found?
*supporting cells that form blood-testis barrier, found in seminiferous tubules
69What two hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland influences spermatogenic cells?
*FSH (follicle stimulatin hormone)
*LH (leutinizing hormone)
70Sperm are aka ___
spermatozoa