1A unified understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:
biopsychosocial approach
2Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body?
Aristotle
3Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a ________ psychologist.
clinical
4Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information?
cognitive
5The importance of inherited behavioral traits was most clearly highlighted by:
Darwin
6Which view of psychology emphasized the study of mental processes alone?
structuralism
7In the context of debates over the origins of knowledge, nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________.
Descartes; Locke
8Professor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist.
developmental
9The mind and body are two separate entities is the definition of:
Dualism
10Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?
Edward James
11Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective
evolutionary
12Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective
evolutionary; behavioral
13A unified understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:
biopsychosocial approach
14A unified understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:
biopsychosocial approach
15Which pioneer demonstrated through research that our mental processes could be studied with the same scientific methods used in other areas of science?
Herman von Helmholtz
16Which research method was introduced by structuralists to identify basic elements of sensory experience?
introspection
17Edward Titchener used the research method known as:
introspection
18What early philosopher believed that the mind is a blank slate before environmental experiences write their story?
John Locke
19Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:
learning
20Focusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside one's own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective
psychodynamic (Freudian).
21Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing?
naturalistic observation
22In debating the origins of knowledge, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of:
nature vs nurture
23Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:
nature vs nurture
24Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the linkages between hormone levels and sexual motivation?
neuroscience
25Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology.
personality
26Wilhelm Wundt was both a:
physiologist and philosopher
27Professor Boyd suggests that children in every culture can distinguish between costs and benefits because humans have an inborn understanding of economics. The professor's suggestion is most consistent with the views of:
Plato
28Wernicke's area
controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
29Wernicke's area
controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
30Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding the thinking error known as the false consensus effect?
random sampling
31Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?
case study
32The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology.
scientific
33Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of:
sensory experience
34Who believed the mind was a blank slate?
John Locke
35Professor Thurstone conducts basic research to investigate whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' subsequent academic performance. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist.
social
36The recording of brain waves through a shower-cap-like hat that is filled with electrodes covered with a conductive gel. Amplifies neural activity to record it.
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
37A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _______ perspective.
social-cultural
38Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to make distinctions between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of:
Socrates
39Studying the brain via literal brain damage
Lesions (not the mountain dew injectors from the Hong Kong roamer)
40The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by:
structuralism
41The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as:
structuralism
42Temporarily funni (radioactive) form of glucose is injected into patient, then it's distribution is tracked throughout the patient's brain when doing something
PET (Positron emission tomography). Method of functional scanning
43MRI spamming. Used to reveal specific parts of the brain undergoing activation and using more O2.
fMRI (functional MRI). Method of functional scanning
44Sending Seggs-rays through the brain to generate images.
CT (Computerized Tomography). Method of structural scanning, imprecise
45Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:
random assignment
46What is psychology?
The study of mental processes* and behaviors**.
47Phrenology
"Pioneered" by Franz Joseph Gall, this ECTL grade autism ascribed different aspects of personality to bumps on the head
48Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of
thinking
49Neuroplasticity
Brain is adaptable, and often is adapting on the fly.
50EMPing specific areas of the brain.Can either temporarily stim or disable targets depending on amount of stims
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
51Split-brain research
Essentially, each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body. These are connected via the corpus callosum. If something goes wrong here, the brain falls out of sync with the body. This stuff covers what happens if the corpus callosum goes kaput
52The study of mental processes* and behaviors**.
What is psychology?
53Broca's area
controls language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
54Wernicke's area
controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
55Aphasia
impairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage either to Broca's area, or to Wernicke's area
56reticular formation
primary regulator of arousal and consciousness
57thalamus
directs sensory messages (except smell) to cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
58Acetylcholine (ACh)
Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
59Dopamine
Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
60Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
61Norepinephrine
Helps control alertness and arousal
62GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
63Glutamate
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
64Endorphins
Neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain or pleasure