Genki I Chapter 9: More Informal Conversation (Past Tense)

Drop る add た

Conjugate the verb to the て-form, but instead of using て or で use た or だ respectively.

Make the verb negative and replace い with かった. For example, 持つ becomes 持たない and then becomes 持たなかった.

行った

"X happened I think"

"They said X happened"

Verbs can modify a noun if the verb is in the ている form

もう means already, so combining that with a verb in the past tense makes it "I have already done X"

まだ means not yet, so combing that with a verb in the negative ている-form makes it "I have not done X yet"

Again

Because. Goes on the end of a clause to make it an explanation. Reason + から + whatever else.

It translates to "because" but it works closer to the English word "so."

An adverb meaning, "how" or "how about." Like, "How was the plane ride?"