Vana 101

Cuboid, equal in all dimensions.

Thin and expanded in two
dimensions.

Unpaired bones on the median
plane, features prominent processes

Reduce friction, increase leverage or change direction of pull

Contains air spaces in sinuses that communicate with
the exterior
Usually found in the bones of birds

Space surrounded by cortex of a long
bone

End of long bone

Cylindrical shaft between two epiphysis

Flared area adjacent to epiphysis.

Separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Fibrous membrane.
 Covers surface of the bone except
articular surface.

(bone producing cells)
responsible for increase in diameter.

Lines the marrow cavity

(bone destroying cells)
deteriorates the size of marrow
cavity

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage.
 Covers articular surface of bone.

spherical projection (head of femur)

more or less cylindrical mass

pulley – like mass found at distal end of femur, where patella slides

flat surface found between adjacent carpal bones

shallow articular depressions or concavity (scapula)

deep articular depression (acetabulum of the hip jt.)

articular indentation

large non-articular depression tunnel through one or more bones

small non-articular depressionForm passage for the
digestive and respiratory
systems

hole in bone

tunnel through one or more bones

Form passage for the
digestive and respiratory
systems

Forms the lateral and dorsal wall of the cranium.
Fxn: contains the middle and inner ear

Forms the lateral and ventral walls of the cranium

Rostrally located, presence of opening for the passage of olfactory nerves- for the sense of smell

Forms the dorsal boundary of air passages

Forms the lateral border of air passages

Forms the ventral border of air passages

Separates the nasal passages longitudinally

Fxn: contains all lower teeth
 Attachment site of muscle for chewing and swallowing

Head is relatively proportion; ex. Beagles,
huskies, Alaskan malamutes

Longer, more narrow head; ex. Greyhounds,
salukis, afg

Shorter and wider form of head; ex. English
bulldogs, boston terriers, Pekingese,
chihuahuas

forms the ventral
part of vertebra

forms the dorsal part of
vertebra

hole formed by
corpus and arch where spinal cord is
located

formed
laterally between vertebraeform the lateral walls of the bony thorax

first cervical vertebrae

second cervical vertebrae

form the lateral walls of the bony thorax

– (1-9) attached to the thoracic
vertebrae and sternum by costal cartilages

– (10-12)not attached to sternum, but
there is overlapping of costal cartilages of these ribs thus
connecting the asternal ribs with the sternal ribs.

(13) not connected to the other ribs

spaces in between ribs occupied by the
intercostal muscles

Bone composed of
segments called sternebrae
which forms the floor of the
thorax, where the costal
cartilages of the sternal
ribs are attached

Flattened craniocaudally, the width is broader than its depth throughout its length

Longest bone of the body, bears no
weight

extends between hip and knee
 highly muscular

extending between knees and tarsus (ankle)

extends between distal crus and the ground

formed from fusion of ossa coxarum (“hip bones”, singular os coxae)
 composed of 4 bones recognizable in puppies but fused in adults

The largest and strongest bone in the body.

3 bones associated with f

largest in the body, incorporated into the tendon
of quadriceps femoris muscle
 acorn-shaped

main weight bearing bone of crus
 stouter than fibula

lies lateral to tibia bears little (if any) weight
but provides essential attachment sites for
many crural muscles

Produce voluntary movements, striated muscle

Involuntary, unstriated muscle
• Founds in walls of organs of digestive and urogenital system
and most blood vessels

Considered striated muscle
• However contracts intrinsically and not under voluntary
control
• Restricted to the heart

skeletal, under the control of the brain
and spinal cord

cardiac and smooth, under ANS

Elliptical with rounded cross-sections
• Muscle fibers are parallel to the long axis of the muscle

Strap-like or sheet-like in form

fibers lie at an angle to the long axis of the muscle

Attach at an angle along only one side of a tendon

Attach at an angle along both sides of a tendon

Attach to the tendon from multiple angles

dense regular fibrous connective tissue, bands
of collagen connecting muscles to bone

broad, flat sheets of connective tissues;
attaches muscle to muscle