Charleston Southern University Survey Old Testament Honors. Professor Peter. Link Final Exam.

the torah, the prophets, the writings

former and latter

Instruction, Law, custom/manner

Inerrant, Infallible, Sufficient, Authoritative

Narrative-poetry-epilogue:
Covenant-stipulation-failure:

Eschatology, ethics

In the end of the days

Adam & Israel - problem of the book
Abraham & Moses - How can we approach God

Adam & Israel: Common problem: cannot live life close to God
Abraham & Moses: 2 ways to approach God (faith or law)

Promised a seed who will bring man to the land where God dwells

A legal relationship

Hebrew and a little Aramaic

Man's death in God's presence

Prophet like Moses (The seed of Abraham/ the messiah) will be a word from God : ability to obey laws

Mosaic: exile
Abrahamic: Return

Narrative, Poetry, Law codes

beginning

adam and eve and God creates the world and the orgin of sin

Cain, Abel, Enoch, and noah the great flood, God's promises to Noah, and the building of the tower of Babel

Abraham (Sarah & Hagar),Lot, Isaac (Rebekah), Ishmael, Jacob (Rachel & Leah), Esau, LabanThe call of Abraham, Abraham's covenant with God, the potential sacrificing of Isaac, Jacob's deception of his Father and brother, Jacob's visions of God

Joseph, Benjamin, Jacob, PharaohJoseph's saving of his family (Joseph's prophetic dreams, brothers selling him, Joseph raises to power by telling meaning of dreams, Joseph testing his brothers)

doctrine of scripture

Speak as God's Prophet, work in the garden as God's Priest, and rules the creation as God's King

to be fruitful and multiply

they lost wisdom

Abraham, Isaac, Jacob/Israel

Lot, Ishmael, Esau

To draw close to God so others will learn
Go into the land to preserve the seed of abraham, isaac, and jacob in land.
To provide the promised seed of the woman

They will make their own nations

Mount Moriah

God decided to test Abraham's faith to see if he loved and trusted God enough to obey Him

the lads: he tells them we will go from here, we will worship, and we will return
The author is pointing that he is a prophet who knows God can raise isaac from the dead, Abraham trusts God ability to resurrect his son through the seed
Isaac: God will provide for himself the lamb for a burnt offering my son
Abraham is prophesying Jesus

The Lamb, Jesus Christ

Reuben (Leah), Simeon (Leah), Levi (Leah), Judah (Leah), Joseph (Rachel), and Benjamin (Rachel)

He is prophet who hears and spokes for God, He is recognized as a priest wearing a tunic that intentionally reminds us of Adam's priesthood, rises to a spot that resembles a king. God will be will him
This reminds us of Adam

Reuben and Judah

Benjamin

judah

They hated him because Jacob favored him

Reuben and Judah

Judah

preserve life and he was sold into slavery

God

In Jacob's eyes Joseph was dead, and Benjamin was his only surviving son from Rachel.

The words of prophet will happen as they said

The seed will be a king from Judah whose life looks like Josephs

The book of names

Moses, Pharoah (Aaron mentioned), Israel's Enslavement, Moses' call (the burning bush)

Moses, Aaron, Pharoah, Israel's delieverance is promises, the 12 sign (plagues), the passover, crossing of red sea

Moses, Aaron, amalek, Jethro, Israel complaining, blotting out Amalek, Jethro Advice

Moses, the Lord, The changing to good fear, God giving the covenant (ten words)

Moses, the Lord, ( Bezalel and Oholiab to build tabernancle) Intrusion given to build tabernacle

Moses, Aaron, Israel, The Israel's rebellion against God (Golden Calf)

Moses, and the Lord, construction of tabernancle

I AM that I AM: I am with you; I am good to you

The turning of water from the Nile into blood on dry ground

He dreads the blessing will hurt his own people; curse them

For the spreading of salvation (the Egyptians may know the lord)

For the spreading of salvation (the Egyptians may know the lord)

Death of every first born Egyptian and anyone that didn't put lamb blood and eat unleavened bread on their door and did proper sacrifice

That the lord was fighting for them (he is with them)

1) Israel complains
2) Amalek, a gentile nation, makes war against Israel
3) Jethro, midianite priest and moses father in law, worships God and eats and drinks with moses as Melchizedek did with Abram in Gen 14 after the great delieverance (praises god for his great delieverance of israel)

that they will have a relationship with him just like abraham did, a relationship grounded on faith in the seed

that they will have a relationship with him just like abraham did, a relationship grounded on faith in the seed

Tremble and do not go up the mountain

Bad fear keeps man from God, good fear draws man closer to God, to obey God.

Bad fear

good fear

For God's word through Moses ; shows how God fathered to Israel. Israel showed faith they wanted to hear God's voice. Israel need its counsel, wisdom, and structure to restrain sin

a death sentance on any idolatry in the presence of God

God's Angel

Shows how perfect God's apporach to sin is: His only standard is perfection. Points to God's patience with Israel and all mankind: they fail him, but he does not fail them

25-31 God provided instructions for building the tabernancle
35-40 God spitrit moves among the people as they build the Tabernacle

He showed his wrath he wanted to destory all of Israel execpt Moses: his judgement is merciful and patient he does not destory all of Israel

1) God's glory and Gods name
2) the nations who do not yet know who God is

He was good to Israel as he was to Adam

the law codes and the narratives both reveal the failure of the human heart to obey God, the law codes provide a commentary on the narratives. God gives the law codes to help organize, in the next narravtive shows failure of them to change human heart

to present divine wisdom; to restrain sin from the narratives

Is a place for God to dwell. The tablernancle is painted as place simliar to heaven, the garden of Eden and Mt sinai

The Ark of the covenant, it is where God's presence would appear and is the preview of heaven on earth with two cheribums on it guarding it like the cheribum guards the way to the tree of life with a flaming sword

1) to bring God close to Israel
2) to keep Him apart from Israel

Order for Israel Wisdom for the reader

and he called

Lord, Moses, Aaron and sons; Laws for offerings and sacarfices, consecration of Aaron and sons

Nadab and Abihu, moses, and Aaron; Nadab and Abihu unauthorized offering

Moses (the lord), purity laws

Aaron and Moses (the lord) Day of atonement

The lord and Moses; Holiness Laws, Lord's explanation for worship correctly, blessing and curses explanation

offerings/ sacrifice

The end: Heaven on earth, the garden of eden

High priests: Aaron and his sons

You have been affected by sin and being a flawed creation (affected by sin) cannot come simply and directly into God's presence

They must be holy because their God is holy, They need to be different (from other nations) for God's purposes. by doing this the laws tell how to treat one another and respond to God

the first goat is killed (because the fixing of sin requires death) and the second goat is sent away from Israel with all the sins upon his head in exile (true atonement removes sin completely) (sarcrifice for his sins and israel's)

death

God brings curses upon Israel so that they will turn from their sin to find life and blessings in God

God himself: The seed/ The messiah, judgement of exile

In the wilderness

Moses, Aaron; The first passover, arrangement of camp, Israel's preparation to leave sinai and enter Canaan

Miriam, Aaron, Moses Israel leaves Mt. Sinai, Israel complains, Miriam and Aaron oppose Moses

Moses, Aaron, Caleb, Joshua Spies sent to promised land, Israel's refusal to enter the land and subsequent exile

Balak, Balaam, Gentile kings, Moses, Aaron, Korah, Miriam, EleazarKorah's rebellion, death of Miriam, Moses lack of faith, Aaron's death, Gentile Kings opposing God(Balak summoning Balaam to curse Israel), Lord talking to Balaam

Balaam, Balak, Moses, Phinehas Balaam's poem: tries to curse Israel 3 times, Phinehas turned back God's wrath from Israel

Moses, Eleazar, Joshua, Caleb Census of new generation, Joshua chosen to be after moses, vengeance on Midian, Reuban and Gad settle in Gilead

Provided order for Israel; the tribe by tribe census (arrangement of the 12 tribes around the camp)

They are still bound up in sin and worshiping idols; They are not designed to fix Israel's heart problem (not effective) the solution will come in the end of the days and coming of God's kingdom

That the land is good but that the people of the land are giants, very powerful. they counsel Israel that the task to enter the land is terrifyingly impossible

He keeps all the adults from that day from enter the promise land. They are to wander in the Wilderness of Sinai for 40 years

He was showing mercy by renewing the covenant

He shows mercy like he did all of those times to bring glory to his name and to show nations who do not know Him through his relationship with His people

Korah

because of their lack of faith

it describes the way the Pharaoh opposes God in Exod 1-2 depicts how gentile kings will oppose God in the end of the days

both poems focus on speaking of the messiah

they wouldn't them pass through the land: they opposed God

They are for the law of manslaughter: If accidentally kill someone they go to holy cities and they will be protected; keeps family of dead one from acting on it: This is good it limits bloodshed and restrains sin

Is the place for Levi's to live since their inheritance is not land it is God himself these will be for the tabernacle

The fear of inheritances being transferred by marriage Women who have lost their fathers, brothers, and husbands still have a home with God as their father and husband in the promised land

these are the words

Torah as Story, Torah as law, Torah as Book

Torah as story: what happens to Israel after God gave them the laws at Mt. Sinai unto the end of the days

explains the Torah as law via the ten commandments, the shema and the principles of the laws giving

to fear and trust God to bring them into the promise land like Abraham did or to fear the nations in the promised land and reject God's call to go into it

because the reception of the law codes from Mt. Sinai highlight the chief Problem of the entire Torah; The human's heart inability to love God that leaves him in a spiritual and physical exile from God.

They will be under Joshua

They will return to him

The good fear emphasized loving God completely in the Shema ; (good fear led to obeying God, recognizing his power; he is good)

Israel did not go up the mountain because the fear of death in God's presence keep them from obeying His voice

They ask to hear Moses' words as God's words

It is good, because it means they want to hear his voice so they have a good fear

it provides the ultimate requirement of the law codes; it reduces the law codes and ten words down to one central idea: Israel must love God completely

Because it describes the nature of the kind of fear of God that Israel must have; it is a fear that loves God, obeys him and draws near to him not a fear that avoids him and his good presence

1. Do not make a covenant or marriages with the nations of the land so that Israel's heart will not be turned to follow their idols.2. God did not elect Israel to judge the Canaanites in the land or to have these promises from God because of how great Israel is or because of Israel's righteousness. Instead, God redeemed Israel for His purposes (His glory and the nations who do not yet know Him).3. Do not fear the nations. God will give the victory to His people.4. Do not become like these nations, or God will destroy Israel as He will do to these nations.5. Do not become so content with God's provision for you in the land that you start to disobey Him, forget Him and love idols. Israel must teach these laws to their children.6. Do not disobey God like your parents' generation did. Instead, circumcise your hearts (change your hearts) to love God completely. 7. As God showed mercy on Israel after their parents' sin, so God would and would have to show the same kind of mercy on them and their children.8. If Israel obeys these laws, there will be blessing. If Israel disobeys them, there will be a curse.

They repeat the same laws with some changes in details reflects, therefore, the consistency of God's demand that Israel love God and provides the particulars of what it means for this generation to do so in the land.

They reflect covenant-stipulation-failure, Israel sinned so the laws increased. Just like Israel received them because on their sin in Exod 19:16

To solve the problem exposed on the day of assembly: man's death in God's presence

And the lord did not give you a heart to know, two eyes to see and two ears to hear unto this day. ( Deut 29:4)

Abrahamic covenant

Return to God (repentance)

God's action to bring man to him

God will change man's heart to love Him perfectly to keep the shema

God will change man's heart to love Him perfectly to keep the shema

through his word, the bible

That God will judge Israel for their Idolatry and exile

Because it is the purpose of the Mos Cvt that will put Israel in the exile promised in the poem because of their failure to follow it by having idols to show them they are like other nations

Because their exile in the poem is their failure to follow the Mos Cvt

because it is a poem and it contains a warning of the future

That Israel will return to God. Israel and the nations living in the land where God dwells.

The messiah and the end of the days (their return)

formal and latter

Former: narratives
Latter: poetic prophecy

The sons of David will fall and find themselves in exile Their kingdoms will end

That the seed will be be both a son of Abraham and a son of David (return) His kingdom will endure forever The extension of the Abrahamic Cvt with the Davidic Cvt

2 Sam 7

Talks of Israel's time in promised land

Like moses Joshua couldn't conquer the people's hearts He marks the end of his life with speeches like Moses

no he could not conquer Israel's hearts they were still worshiping idols

1) He is just, he warns about the judgement that is coming in the end for all of us so that we may repent1)God must judge sin to preserve a portion of humanity that well dwell in his presence
2) since God is the creator of life he also has the authority to take life in his timing and his way
3)God can not ignore victims of sin in Jericho
4)please remember the larger reasons why god must keep Israel and the Canaanites separate bc they will lead them to be like them
5)God is entitled to do things that a mere man is not entitled to do because he is the creator, sustainer, and ruler of all creation

Like moses Joshua couldn't conquer the people's hearts He marks the end of his life with speeches like Moses

march around the city for 6 days. During this time, the priests will carry the ark of the covenant before Israel with ram horns of trumpets blaring before them. Israel will say no words during these six days. Then, on the seventh day, Israel is to march around the city seven times. At the end of the seventh time, Joshua is to command Israel to shout, and they will shout. The walls of Jericho will then collapse. This plan for the destruction of Jericho should remind the reader of God's Sabbath week in creation. everything and everyone in the city must die

Achan sinned in God's persence by going against his commands by taking silver and gold for himself therefore keeping God from his work of destroying the Canaanites

Just as Jericho had to be judged from the least to greatest, so all of Achan's family faced the same. He had to be judged because he sinned in God's presence, although he did confess his sins and give God glory through repentance

They feared them so they pretended to be another nation from far away, While Israel is not allowed to make peace with the nations in the land, it can make peace with far away nations. So, the Gibeonites send messengers to Joshua and Israel that have molded bread, torn clothes, wearied faces and so forth. They ask for a peace deal with Israel, promising that they are from far away in another land. Joshua does not consult God and approves the agreement.

Joshusa and Israel were not succesful in conquering the land and Israel was not faithful to God

1. Israel sinned 2. God raised up an adversary to oppress Israel 3. Israel cried out for help4. God raised up a deliverer to rescue Israel ... temporarily

Othniel-Judg 3-defeated the king of Aram-gave Israel peace for about 40 years.
Ehud-Judg 3-stabbed and slayed Eglon king of Moab-gave Israel peace for about 80 years.
Shamgar-Judg 3-stuck down 600 philistines with an oxgoad-gave Israel peace for an unknown number of years.
Deborah-Judg 4-5-defeated Sisera, commander of a Canaanite army-gave Israel peace for about 40 years

they are military leaders of parts of Israel who temporarily defeat the enemies of Israel in battle. They are not kings, and their times of leadership appear to overlap. Throughout the book, their victories are not based upon their faithfulness to God, superior moral fiber or individual skill

In those, days there was no king in israelEach man did was righ tin his own eyes--- these show us longing for a saviorA man from the hill country of ephraim--- shows us same hand that wrote judges wrote Samuel

In those, days there was no king in israelEach man did was righ tin his own eyes--- these show us longing for a savior A man from the hill country of ephraim--- shows us same hand that wrote judges wrote Samuel

everyman did what was right in his own eyesidoltary, sin, and sufferingthey get oppressed abversary

Saul, David, solomon

The Prophets never offer hope in obeying the laws of the Mosaic covenant. They point the reader to the simple hope found in trusting that God will provide the seed of Abraham, who is the son of David, in the end of the days

because it is the hope of the book:Davidic Covenant (2 Sam 7) is an extension of the Abrahamic covenant;In the end of the days the son of David (the seed of Abraham) will circumcise (change) hearts to love God and prompt a return of Israel (and all humanity) back to God (see Deut 30:6; 2 Sam 7)

In this book, she becomes a picture of how Israel should wait for the son of David (the seed of Abraham). That is, Hannah must wait for a seed of a man, as Israel and the reader must wait for the seed of the woman, the seed of Abraham

Hannah's poem is talking about the seed (which will turn out to also be David's seed) David's poem echoes Hannah's poem.

He gives up his rule of his father's kingdom for David's because it is a kingdom from God

Disobedience comes quickly to Saul. In 1 Samuel 13 and 15, Saul disobeys God's voice, that is, the prophetic voice of Samuel. After both of these failures, Samuel declares that God will take the kingdom from Saul. The rejection of God's Word through the prophets is a rejection of God Himself.

1) 1 Sam 13: Saul didn't wait for Samuel and offered sacrifices that he was not supposed to offer;2) 1 Sam 15: Saul didn't follow God's orders fully by leaving Agag alive despite the orders of to destroy all of the Amalekites.

David becomes like saul in having one of his faithful, gentile soldiers, Uriah the Hittite killed. because When he should be off fighting in war with his men, David stays in Jerusalem and has Uriah's wife, Bathsheba, brought to his bed. The encounter leads to pregnancy
four of David's sons must die for the murder of Uriah the Hittite.
baby diesamnon is killed by absalom
absalom will overtake his fathers kingdom and publicly sleep with his cocubines
adonijah will be killed by solomon

They interpret and frame the book of Samuel tells us how we should read david's life repentenance connects david's

1) exceedingly wise, 2) prophet, priest and king and 3) ruling over other nations these are the very traits that describe the Messiah

Solomon binds his life and heart to foreign wives who love idols and who tempt him to do the same.God will divide Israel into two after his reign because of Solomon's sin, but He will not totally destroy this kingdom because of the promise made to David (2 Sam 7). Indeed, Solomon's sons will only rule in the south over the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The remaining tribes, headed by the tribe of Ephraim, will rebel to form a new kingdom.

Judah the line of David and Solomon to Jesus They head the southern kingdom

powerful territory (including key religious sites like Shechem & Shiloh), fertile land, military strength, and leadership role,s including Israel's first king, Jeroboam

Israel

assyria

babylon

he establishes not only his own kingdom but also a new priesthood apart from Aaron's family, a calendar of religious feasts and two altars to keep his people away from Jerusalem and the Temple

He makes two golden calves for Israel to worship in idolatry

Son of solomon

God manifests this judgment through the pride of Solomon's son, Rehoboam. Specifically, Jeroboam from the north leads a delegation to approach Rehoboam. Jeroboam requests that Rehoboam reduce his father's heavy taxes upon them. While his father's counselors advise Rehoboam to agree to such a command, his young friends encourage him to increase taxes. At this news, Jeroboam leads the northern tribes to form a new kingdom. While God gives him the opportunity to direct people to God, his jealousy of Jerusalem and the Temple leads Jeroboam to establish and deepen the idolatry in the land

a temple for God built with stones to replace the temporary tabernacle As he does so, Solomon declares the Temple to be insufficient to hold the God who made everything, but it is a place of prayer for all nations, even for an Israel facing or enduring an exile

He intends to build a house for God, but God contends that David will not build a house for God. Instead, God will build a house for David.

1) Moses-Joshua prophet2)David-Solomon wise like messiah3)Elijah-Elisha performs miracles4)Hezekiah and Josiah trusts god and faithfulness

By showing what they cannot do he's showing what the Messiah will do. They can not conquer the heart of man and change it.

When the Babylonians destroy the temple, the author underlines that the Solomon's temple is not THE temple.

He could not overturn the wrath of God. Simply because he is not the promised seed. He is not God who becomes man. Messiah will be able to overturn the wrath in God.

Elisha did more because he asked for a double portion of Elijah's Spirit He performs 16 miracles and parts the red sea as "new Joshua" Elijah only performed 8 miracles The hand of God was on these prophets, but their work as prophets also fails to change the hearts of the nation.

He looked like Moses fleeing. And he claimed he felt alone so god provided him an assistant like Moses was provided Aaron God gave Elijah Elisha and told him that he was with him.

Moses death stands as central issue that the prophets consider. If Moses can not bring himself to the promise land how can I? therefore Joshua defines what Israel and reader must do after Moses death 2) the opening points us to Torah must be meditated on is key to living in the promised land 3) Establishes that Joshua must serve as a leader like Moses

It explains why Israel fell into idolatry or the reason for exile: lack of faith

Because it shows God is still with Israel in exile. God's mercy appears on one in the line of the Messiah: the exiled Jehoiachin. God shows him mercy by caring for him and the house of David in its exile (takes him out prison)

patient and perfect

Patience gives time and space to repent (to create life now) Perfect leaves a perfect place for man to return to God (to create life in the end)He is trying to create life

away from his presence in an exile (to the east) in land of Shinar in babel

That one day in the future that the seed of the woman will overcome the seed of the serpent and return man to God's presence

True

God speaks by asking questions out of a whirlwind.

wealthy and righteous

a defense of God's character in the face of the problem of evil

true

a lush and fertile garden

the fear of the Lord

Vanity of vanities, says the preacher. vanity of vanities! all is vanity.

true

true

the characteristics of a noble wife

wisdom and folly

false

Nineveh

While in the belly of the fish

They cry out and pray to their gods

the people and their king immediately repent and declare a nationwide fast

went to sleep in the inner part of the ship

Micah

true

a burning coal

false

Amos

true

false

false

marry a prostitute

do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with God

false

Isaiah

true

holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts ; the whole earth is full of his glory

Isaiah

true

true

perservering

true

Baruch

true

Jerusalem

Jeremiah

a river of living water that brings fruit and healing and restoration

true

the bones come together, flesh covers them, a breath enters them, and they are returned to life

the people of Israel, a rebellious and stubborn nation

The Lord is There

false

in the land of the Chaldeans

God strengthens

false

king Neb. could see a 4th person in the fire with them, they were not burned or injured, King Neb. honors their God

true

true

false

one like a son of man

Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi

Zerrubbabel

true

Zechariah

Malachi

messenger

true

Covenant, Stipulation, Failure...A pattern found in the Torah and much of the Old Testament. Uses Narratives and Poetry to tell the story

Narrative, Poetry, Epilogue...A pattern found in the Torah. Uses Narratives and Poetry to tell the story

Poetry...Jacob speaks about the end of the days to his sons about the savior coming from the line of Judah

Poetry...Moses talks about the exile in 32 and the return in chapter 33 and shows how we are still waiting for the savior

Poetry...Balaam is speaking to the nations

Adam

Patient and perfect

Amalec (grandson of Esau)

Abraham married Sarah
Isaac married Rebekah (Ishmael was his brother)
Jacob married Leah and Rachel (Esau was his brother)
Judah married Shua, a Canaanite
(Joseph and Benjamin and 9 other brothers)

1. 10 COMMANDMENTS
2. Anyone who worshipped a false idol got placed in a BAN and dedicated to destruction
3. Instructions for the TABERNACLE
4. MESSENGER with my name would come

1. Building for the TABERNACLE
2. MESSENGERS (plural) with his Name

It is a preview of the church

Joshua gave 2 speeches

Was the conquest just? Yes. The king (Adoni-Bezek) who had his thumbs and big toes chopped off agreed it was just

Samuel

Saul

2 Samuel 7

Narrative

Poetic

Nathan the prophet. Because David repented it showed he was a man after God's own heart

Southern

Northern

good- Josiah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Uzziah, Hezekiah
evil-Rehoboam, Ahaz, Manasseh, Amon, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin

The kingdom got taken over faster by Assyria, so there are less kings. No notably good kings ruled
Evil- Jeroboam, Nadab, Ahab, Jeroboam II

Genesis

Exodus

Leviticus

Numbers

Deuteronomy

Joshua

Judges

1 Samuel