1What is the origin of the digastric muscle?
Mastoid Notch (Posterior) and Intermediate Tendon (Anterior)
2What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?
Digastric Fossa of Mandible (Anterior) & intermediate Tendion of Digastric (Posterior)
3What action does the digastric muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
4Where is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?
Mylohyoid Line of the Mandible
5Where is the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
6What action does the mylohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
7Where is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle?
Styloid Process
8Where is the insertion of the stylohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
9What action does the stylohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates and Retracts the Hyoid
10Where is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle?
Genial Tubercles
11Where is the insertion of the geniohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
12What action does the geniohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
13What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid, & Geniohyoid
14Where is the origin of the sternothyroid muscle?
Posterior Surface of the Sternum
15Where is the insertion of the sternothyroid muscle?
Thyroid Cartilage
16What action does the sternothyroid muscle perform?
Depresses Thyroid Cartilage & Larynx
17Where is the origin of the sternohyoid muscle?
On the Sternum, Near the Clavicle
18Where is the insertion of the sternohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
19What action does the sternohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid
20Where is the origin of the omohyoid muscle?
Scapula (inferior) & Inferior Belly via Intermediate Tendon (superior)
21Where is the insertion of the omohoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone (superior) Superior Belly via Intermediate Tendon (inferior)
22What action does the omohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid Bone
23Where is the origin of the Thyrohyoid muscle?
Thyroid Cartilage
24Where is the insertion of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Greater Cornu of the Hyoid Bone
25What action does the thyrohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid and Raises the Thyroid Cartilage & Larynx
26What are the 4 Infrahyoid muscles?
Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, & Thyrohyoid Muscles
27What are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus, Styloglossus, & Hyoglossus Muscles
28Where is the origin of the genioglossus muscle?
Genial Tubercle
29Where is the insertion of the genioglossus muscle?
Base of the Tongue
30What action does the genioglossus muscle perform?
Protrude or Depress the Tongue
31Where is the origin of the styloglossus muscle?
Styloid Process
32Where is the insertion of the styloglossus muscle?
Lateral Surface of the Tongue
33What action does the styloglossus muscle perform?
Retracts Tongue & Moves it Superiorly & Posteriorly
34Where is the origin of the hyoglossus muscle?
Greater Cornu & Part of the Body of the Hyoid Bone
35Where is the insertion of the hyoglossus?
Lateral Surface of the Body of the Tongue
36What action does the hyoglossus muscle perform?
Depresses Tongue
37What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Superior Longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical, and Inferior Longitudinal
38What action is performed by the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Shape & Curl the Tongue
39What are the 7 muscles of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus, Pharyngeal Constrictor, Palataoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Levator Veli Palatini, Tensor Veli Palatini, & Muscle of the Uvula
40What action does the stylopharyngeus muscle perform?
Elevates & Widens the Windpipe
41What action does the pharyngeal constrictor perform?
Constricts 3 paired muscles to move food from oropharynx to esophagus
42What action does the palataoglossus muscle perform?
Elevates the base of the tongue & depresses the soft palate towards the tongue
43What action does the palatopharyngeus muscle perform?
Moves palate posterioinferiously and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly and helps close the nasopharynx when swallowing.
44What action does the levator veli palatini muscle perform?
Raises the soft palate & helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing
45What action does the tensor veli palatini perform?
Tenses & Lowers the Soft Palate
46What action does the muscle of the uvula perform?
Shortens & Broadens the Uvula, Changing the Contour to the Soft Palate. Helps Close off the Nasopharynx during Swallowing
47Are the crowns of permanent premolars shorter or longer than anterior teeth?
Shorter
48Which baby teeth do permanent premolars replace?
Primary First and Second Molars
49How many roots do MOST permanent premolars have?
1
50Which of the permanent premolars usually have 2 roots?
Maxillary 1st Premolars
51What percent of the maxillary 1st premolars have only 1 root?
20%
52How many cusps do maxillary premolars have?
2
53How do the size of the cusps of maxillary premolars compare to each other?
Almost Equal
54How many cusps do mandibular premolars have?
Can have more than 2
55Which cusp of mandibular premolars are always smaller?
Lingual
56What are the UNS numbers for permanent maxillary first premolars?
5 & 12
57Which baby teeth are replaced by the permanent maxillary first premolars?
B & I
58At what age do permanent maxillary first premolars erupt?
10-11 years
59At what age are the roots of permanent maxillary first premolars complete?
Between 12-13 years
60Where are the two roots of the maxillary first premolars located?
Buccally and Lingually
61What is the only tooth in the permanent dentition with a buccal cusp that has a longer mesial slope than distal slope?
Maxillary First Premolars
62How can you distinguish the right maxillary first premolar from the left?
Mesial Cusp Slope is Longer than the Distal
63Is the buccal or lingual cusp of a maxillary first premolar sharper?
Buccal
64Do the maxillary first premolars have prominent root concavities?
Yes
65Which side of the maxillary first premolars has a developmental depression?
Mesial
66Which side of the maxillary first premolars has a deeper CEJ curvature?
Mesial
67How many pulp horns do the maxillary first premolars have?
2
68How many pulp canals do the maxillary first premolars have?
2
69What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary second premolars?
4 & 13
70Which baby teeth do the maxillary second premolars replace?
A & J
71When do the maxillary second premolars erupt?
Between 10-12 years
72When are the roots of the maxillary second premolars complete?
Between 12-14 years
73What is the difference between the crowns of the 1st and 2nd maxillary premolars?
2nd is rounder than the 1st
74Which of the maxillary premolars has more crown variation?
2nd
75How many roots do the maxillary second premolars usually have?
1
76Which of the maxillary premolars has sharper cusps?
1st
77How does the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolars compare to the lingual?
Almost the same height
78How can you tell the difference between the left and right maxillary 2nd premolars?
Lingual cusp is slightly more mesial
79Which of the maxillary premolars has more prominent root concavities?
1st
80How many pulp canals do the maxillary 2nd premolars have?
1
81How many pulp horns do the maxillary 2nd premolars have?
2
82Which of the mandibular premolars is smaller?
1st
83Do the mandibular or maxillary premolars generally erupt first?
Maxillary
84How many roots do the permanent mandibular premolars have?
1
85What are the UNS numbers for the mandibular first premolars?
21 & 28
86What primary teeth are replaced by the mandibular first premolars?
L & S
87When do the mandibular 1st premolars erupt?
Between 10-12 years
88When are the roots of the mandibular 1st premolars complete?
Between 12-13 years
89Which posterior teeth have only 1 functional cusp during occlusion?
Mandibular 1st Premolars
90How can you tell the difference between the right and left mandibular first premolars?
Mesial cusp slope is shorter than the distal cusp slope
91Which cusp of the mandibular 1st premolars is usually small and nonfunctioning?
Lingual
92Which way do the crowns of all mandibular posteriors tilt?
Lingual
93Do mandibular 1st premolars have proximal root concavities?
Yes
94Which side of the mandibular 1st premolars more frequently has proximal root concavities?
Mesial
95How can you tell the left and right mandibular 1st premolars?
Deeper CEJ curvature on the mesial surface and ML groove near the lingual margin
96How many pulp horns do the mandibular 1st premolars have?
2
97How many pulp canals do the mandibular 1st premolars have?
1
98What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 2nd premolars?
20 & 29
99What primary teeth are replaced by the mandibular 2nd premolars?
K & T
100When do the mandibular 2nd premolars erupt?
Between 11-12 years
101When are the roots of the mandibular 2nd premolars complete?
Between 13-14 years
102How many cusps do the mandibular 2nd premolars have?
2 or 3
103Do the 1st or 2nd mandibular premolars have more supplemental grooves?
2nd
104Are the roots of the 1st or 2nd premolars longer?
2nd
105Does the 1st or 2nd premolar have shorter buccal cusps?
2nd
106Do the 1st or 2nd premolars have longer lingual cusps?
2nd
107Do the mandibular 2nd premolars have an ML groove?
No
108Do the mandibular 2nd premolars have pronounced proximal root concavities?
Yes
109What separates the cusps of a 3-cusped mandibular 2nd premolars?
Developmental Grooves
110What shape is formed by the grooves on a 3 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
Y
111What shape is formed by the grooves of a 2 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
U or H
112How many central pits are present on a 3 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
1
113How many central pits are present on a 2 cusped mandibular second premolar?
2
114Where are the central pits of a 2 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar located?
Mesial and Distal (Never Lingual)
115How many pulp horns do mandibular 2nd premolars have?
Three Cusp=3, Two Cusp=2
116How many pulp canals do mandibular 2nd premolars have?
1
117What is/are the function(s) of the premolars?
Assist molars in grinding, assist canines in piercing and tearing, support facial muscles, esthetics, and speech
118What is the primary function of molars?
Grinding Food. Also involved in esthetics and speech
119Which molar is the largest?
1st
120Which surface of maxillary molars have grooves and pits?
Lingual
121Which surface of the mandibular molars have grooves and pits?
Buccal
122How many roots do maxillary molars usually have?
3
123How many roots do mandibular molars usually have?
2
124Where are the 3 roots of the maxillary molars located?
MB, DB, & Lingual
125Where are the furcations of maxillary molars?
Buccal, Mesial, & Distal
126Are root concavities present on maxillary molars?
Yes
127What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 1st molars?
3 & 14
128When do maxillary first molars erupt?
Between 6-7 yrs
129When are the roots of maxillary 1st molars complete?
Between 9-10 yrs
130Which teeth are usually the 1st permanent teeth the erupt in the maxillary arch?
Maxillary 1st Molars
131Which root of the maxillary 1st molars is the largest/longest?
Lingual/Palatal
132Which root of the maxillary 1st molars is the smallest/shortest
DB
133Which cusp of the maxillary 1st molar is the largest?
ML
134Which cusp of the maxillary 1st molars is the sharpest?
DL
135How can you tell the right and left maxillary 1st molars apart?
DL cusp is sharper
136Which tooth often has a cusp of carabelli?
Maxillary 1st molar
137What is a 5th nonfunctioning cusp on the ML cusp called?
Cusp of Carabelli
138How many pulp horns do the maxillary 1st molars have?
4
139How many pulp canals do maxillary 1st molars have?
3 (sometimes 4)
140Which of the roots of the maxillary 1st molars sometimes has 2 pulp canals?
MB
141What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 2nd molars?
2 & 15
142When do the maxillary 2nd molars erupt?
Between 12-13 years
143When are the roots of the maxillary 2nd molars complete?
Between 14 & 16
144How many cusps do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
3 or 4
145Which root of the maxillary 2nd molars is the longest/largest?
Lingual
146Which cusp is sometimes not present on the maxillary 2nd molars?
DL
147Which cusp of the maxillary 2nd molars is the largest?
ML
148What are the 2 types of crown outlines of maxillary 2nd molars?
Heart or Rhomboidal
149What shape crown is most common on the maxillary 2nd molars?
Rhomboidal
150How many pulp horns do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
4
151How many pulp canals do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
3
152What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 3rd molars?
1 & 16
153When may the maxillary 3rd molars erupt?
Between 17 & 21
154When are the roots of the maxillary 3rd molars complete?
Between 18-25 yrs
155Which molars are the smallest?
Maxillary 3rd Molars
156Which molar has 3 roots that may be fused together and appear as 1 root?
Maxillary 3rd Molars
157How many roots do the mandibular molars usually have?
2
158How many cusps do the mandibular molars usually have?
4-5
159Which 2 cusps are always present on mandibular cusps?
Lingual
160What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 1st molars?
19 & 30
161When do the mandibular 1st molars erupt?
Between 6-7 yrs
162When are the roots of the mandibular 1st molars complete?
Between 9-10 yrs
163How many cusps do the mandibular 1st molars usually have?
5
164What is the widest permanent tooth?
Mandibular 1st Molars
165Which cusp of the mandibular 1st molars is the largest, widest, and highest?
MB
166Which cusp of the mandibular 1st molars is the lowest and sharpest?
DB
167Which root of the mandibular 1st molars is usually larger?
Mesial
168What is the order of cusp height of the mandibular 1st molars? (Highest to Lowest)
ML, DL, MB, DB, Distal
169How can you tell the difference between the right and left mandibular 1st molars?
Distal Cusp
170How many pits are present on the mandibular 1st molars?
3
171How many pulp canals do the mandibular 1st molars have?
3
172Which root of the mandibular 1st molars usually has 2 pulp canals?
Mesial
173How many pulp horns do the mandibular 1st molars have?
5
174What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 2nd molars?
18 & 31
175When do the mandibular 2nd molars usually erupt?
Between 11-13 yrs
176When are the roots of the mandibular 2nd molars complete?
Between 14-15 yrs
177How many cusps do the mandibular 2nd molars usually have?
4
178How can you tell the difference between the right and left 2nd molars?
Mesial root is longer than the distal
179How many occlusal pits do the mandibular 2nd molars have?
3
180How many pulp horns do the mandibular 2nd molars have?
4
181How many pulp canals do the mandiblar 2nd molars have?
Usually 3, sometimes 2
182Which root of the mandibular 2nd molars usually has 2 pulp canals?
Mesial
183What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 3rd molars?
17 & 32
184When may the mandiublar 3rd molars erupt?
Between 17-21 yrs
185When are the roots of the mandibular 3rd molars complete?
Between 18-25 yrs
186How many roots do the mandibular 3rd molars usually have?
2 fused
187Are the mesial or distal cusps of the mandibular 3rd molars larger?
Mesial
188How many pulp horns do the mandibular 3rd molars have?
4
189How many canals do the mandibular 3rd molars have?
2-3
190Which root of the mandibular 3rd molars may have 2 canals?
Mesial
191What is the word for a large network of blood vessels?
Vascular Plexus
192What is the word for connecting channels among arteries and veins for "communication"?
Anastomoses
193Which major branch of the vascular system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Arteries
194What are the smallest branches of arteries called?
Capillaries
195Which branch of the vascular system carries CO2 rich blood back to the heart?
Veins
196What are the smaller branches of veins called
Venules
197What is the main artery of the heart called?
Aorta
198What are the major arteries that supply the head and neck?
Common Carotid and Subclavian
199What artery supplies the intracranial structures?
Internal Carotid Artery
200Which artery supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck?
External Carotid Artery
201What are the 4 sets of branches of the external carotid artery?
Anterior, Medial, Posterior, Terminal
202What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Superior Thyroid, Lingual, and Facial
203Which artery supplies structures inferior to the hyoid bone?
Superior Thyroid Artery
204Which artery supplies structures superior to the hyoid bone?
Lingual
205Which artery supplies the muscles of facial expression, lips, eyelids, and skin of the nose?
Facial
206What artery is part of the medial branch of the external carotid artery?
Ascending Pharyngeal
207Which artery supplies the pharyngeal walls, meninges of the brain, and soft palate/tonsils?
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
208What arteries are part of the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Occipital and Posterior Auricular
209Which artery supplies the SCM muscle, suprahyoid muscles, auricular region, meninges, and trapezius muscle?
Occipital
210Which artery supplies the auricular region and the mastoid process?
Posterior Auricular Artery
211What arteries are part of the terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
Superficial Temporal and Maxillary
212Which artery supplies the parotid salivary gland, temporalis muscle, frontal region of scalp, and parietal region of scalp?
Superfical Temporal Artery
213Which artery supplies the auricular region, tympanic region, dura mater, cranial bones, infratemporal fossa, mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, mental region, temporal region, muscles of mastication, buccinator muscle, maxillary teeth, hard and soft palates, and nasal region?
Maxillary Artery
214What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?
Mandibular, Pterygoid, Pterygopalatine
215Are veins or arteries more numerous?
Veins
216Which branches of the vascular system are easily involved with the spread of infections?
Vein
217What vein drains the brain and most of the other structures of the head and neck?
Internal Jugular Vein
218Which vein drains the more superficial areas of the cranium?
External Jugular Vein
219Where do the internal and external jugular veins drain into?
Superior Vena Cava (directly into the heart)
220Which vein drains the pulp of maxillary teeth and associated periodontium and gingiva?
Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein
221Where does the posterior superior alveolar vein drain into?
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins
222Which vein drains the pulp of mandibular teeth, associated periodontium, and gingiva?
Inferior Alveolar Vein
223Where does the inferior alveolar vein drain into?
Pterygoid plexus of veins
224What vein(s) drains the deep parts of the face into the maxillary vein, posterior superior alveolar vein, inferior alveolar vein, and the meninges of the brain?
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins
225Where does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain?
Maxillary Vein
226Which vein drains the pterygoid plexus, posterior superior alveolar vein, and the inferior alveolar vein?
Maxillary Vein
227Where does the maxillary vein drain?
Merges with superfical temporal vein to drain into the retromandibular vein
228What vein drains the lateral scalp?
Superficial Temporal Vein
229Where does the Superficial Temporal Vein drain?
Retromandibular Vein
230Which vein has two divisions and drains the facial vein, temporal maxillary, and posterior auricular areas?
Retromandibular Vein
231Which division of the retromandibular vein drains the facial vein?
Anterior Division
232Which division of the retromandibular vein drains the temporal, maxillary, and posterior auricula areas?
Posterior
233Which lingual veins drain the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Dorsal Lingual Veins
234Which lingual veins drain the ventral surface fo the tongue?
Deeper Lingual Veins
235Which lingual veins drain the floor of the mouth?
Sublingual Veins
236What vein(s) drain the tongue?
Lingual Veins
237Where do the lingual veins drain?
Facial vein or directly into the internal jugular vein
238Which vein drains the orbit of the eye, veins of the lips and chin, and sometimes the lingula veins?
Facial Vein
239Where does the facial vein drain?
Internal Jugular Vein
240What is secreted by the lacrimal glands?
Lacrimal Fluid or Tears
241Where are the lacrimal glands located?
Lacrimal Fossa
242What duct is associated with the lacrimal gland?
Lacrimal Duct
243What type of secretions are secreted by the parotid salivary gland?
Serous Saliva
244Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
In the cheek. Superior to the masseter muscle
245What duct is associated with the parotid salivary gland?
Stensen's Duct
246What type of secretion is secreted by the submandibular salivary gland?
Mixed Serous and Mucous Saliva
247Where is the submandibular gland located?
Superfical to the mylohyoid muscle
248What duct is associated with the submandibular salivary gland?
Wharton's Duct
249What type of secretions are secreted by the sublingual salivary gland?
Mixed serous and mucous saliva (mostly mucous)
250Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?
Superior to the mylohoid and medial to the body of the mandible (Anterior to the submandibular gland)
251What duct is associated with the sublingual salivary gland?
Bartholin's Duct
252What type of secretion is secreted by the minor salivary glands?
Mainly mucous, with some serous
253Which minor salivary glands are associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae?
Von Ebner's Glands
254What type of secretion is secreted from Von Ebner's Glands?
Serous
255What is secreted by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
256Where is the thyroid gland located?
Inferior to thyroid cartilage
257Where are the parathyroid glands located?
2 on each side of the thyroid
258What is secreted by the parathyroid gland?
Parathyroid Hormone
259Where is the Thymus gland located?
In the chest
260What is the funcion of the thymus gland?
Part of the immune system
261Which gland grows form birth to puberty then shrinks by adulthood?
Thymus
262Do primary or permanent teeth have larger pulp chambers?
Primary
263When do teeth O & P erupt?
6-10 months
264When do teeth E & F erupt?
8-12 months
265When do teeth D & G erupt?
9-13 months
266When do teeth N & Q erupt?
10-16 months
267When do teeth B & I erupt?
13-19 months
268When do teeth L & S erupt?
14-18 months
269When do teeth C & H erupt?
16-22 months
270When do teeth M & R erupt?
17-23 months
271When do teeth K & T erupt?
23-31 months
272When do teeth A & J erupt?
25-33 months
273In what order do the teeth of the primary dentition erupt?
Mandibular Centrals, Maxillary Centrals, Maxillary Laterals, Mandibular Laterals, Maxillary 1st Molars, Mandibular 1st Molars, Maxillary Canines, Mandibular Canines, Mandibular 2nd Molars, Maxillary 2nd Molars
274When should the first dental visit occur?
Within 6 months of eruption of the first primary tooth and no later than 1 year old
275What are the primary mandibular central incisors in the UNS?
O & P
276When do the primary mandibular centrals shed?
Between 6-7 years
277What are the smallest primary teeth?
Central Incisors
278What are the maxillary central incisors in the UNS?
E & F
279When do the primary maxillary central incisors shed?
Between 6-7 Years
280What are the primary maxillary lateral incisors in the UNS?
D & G
281When do the primary maxillary lateral incisors shed?
Between 7-8 years
282What are the primary mandibular lateral incisors in the UNS?
N & Q
283When do the primary mandibular lateral incisors shed?
Between 7-8 years
284What are the primary maxillary 1st molars in the UNS?
B & I
285When are the primary maxillary 1st molars shed?
Between 9-11 yrs
286What are the primary mandibular 1st molars in the UNS?
L & S
287When are the primary mandibular 1st molars shed?
Between 9-11 years
288What are the primary maxillary canines in the UNS?
C & H
289When do the primary maxillary canines shed?
Between 10-12 years
290What are the primary mandibular canines in the UNS?
M & R
291When are the primary mandibular canines shed?
Between 9-12 years
292What are the primary mandibular 2nd molars in the UNS?
K & T
293When are the primary mandibular 2nd molars shed?
Between 10-12 years
294Which permanent molar most closely resembles the primary 2nd molars?
Permanent 1st Molars
295What are the primary maxillary 2nd molars in the UNS?
A & J
296When are the primary maxillary 2nd molars shed?
Between 10-12 years
297Which primary teeth commonly have cusp of carabelli?
Maxillary 2nd Molar
298What is the voluntary postition of the teeth that allow maximum contact called?
Centric Occlusion
299What is the horizontal measurement of the maxillary arch's overlap of the mandibular teeth?
Overjet
300What is the vertical measurment of the maxillary arch's overlap of the mandibular teeth?
Overbite