Head & Neck Exam 3

319 flashcardsby Emma
Study these flashcardsFree · spaced repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & web

First 300 of 319 cards

1
What is the origin of the digastric muscle?
Mastoid Notch (Posterior) and Intermediate Tendon (Anterior)
2
What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?
Digastric Fossa of Mandible (Anterior) & intermediate Tendion of Digastric (Posterior)
3
What action does the digastric muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
4
Where is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?
Mylohyoid Line of the Mandible
5
Where is the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
6
What action does the mylohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
7
Where is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle?
Styloid Process
8
Where is the insertion of the stylohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
9
What action does the stylohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates and Retracts the Hyoid
10
Where is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle?
Genial Tubercles
11
Where is the insertion of the geniohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
12
What action does the geniohyoid muscle perform?
Elevates Hyoid & Depresses Mandible
13
What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid, & Geniohyoid
14
Where is the origin of the sternothyroid muscle?
Posterior Surface of the Sternum
15
Where is the insertion of the sternothyroid muscle?
Thyroid Cartilage
16
What action does the sternothyroid muscle perform?
Depresses Thyroid Cartilage & Larynx
17
Where is the origin of the sternohyoid muscle?
On the Sternum, Near the Clavicle
18
Where is the insertion of the sternohyoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone
19
What action does the sternohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid
20
Where is the origin of the omohyoid muscle?
Scapula (inferior) & Inferior Belly via Intermediate Tendon (superior)
21
Where is the insertion of the omohoid muscle?
Hyoid Bone (superior) Superior Belly via Intermediate Tendon (inferior)
22
What action does the omohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid Bone
23
Where is the origin of the Thyrohyoid muscle?
Thyroid Cartilage
24
Where is the insertion of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Greater Cornu of the Hyoid Bone
25
What action does the thyrohyoid muscle perform?
Depresses the Hyoid and Raises the Thyroid Cartilage & Larynx
26
What are the 4 Infrahyoid muscles?
Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, & Thyrohyoid Muscles
27
What are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus, Styloglossus, & Hyoglossus Muscles
28
Where is the origin of the genioglossus muscle?
Genial Tubercle
29
Where is the insertion of the genioglossus muscle?
Base of the Tongue
30
What action does the genioglossus muscle perform?
Protrude or Depress the Tongue
31
Where is the origin of the styloglossus muscle?
Styloid Process
32
Where is the insertion of the styloglossus muscle?
Lateral Surface of the Tongue
33
What action does the styloglossus muscle perform?
Retracts Tongue & Moves it Superiorly & Posteriorly
34
Where is the origin of the hyoglossus muscle?
Greater Cornu & Part of the Body of the Hyoid Bone
35
Where is the insertion of the hyoglossus?
Lateral Surface of the Body of the Tongue
36
What action does the hyoglossus muscle perform?
Depresses Tongue
37
What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Superior Longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical, and Inferior Longitudinal
38
What action is performed by the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Shape & Curl the Tongue
39
What are the 7 muscles of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus, Pharyngeal Constrictor, Palataoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Levator Veli Palatini, Tensor Veli Palatini, & Muscle of the Uvula
40
What action does the stylopharyngeus muscle perform?
Elevates & Widens the Windpipe
41
What action does the pharyngeal constrictor perform?
Constricts 3 paired muscles to move food from oropharynx to esophagus
42
What action does the palataoglossus muscle perform?
Elevates the base of the tongue & depresses the soft palate towards the tongue
43
What action does the palatopharyngeus muscle perform?
Moves palate posterioinferiously and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly and helps close the nasopharynx when swallowing.
44
What action does the levator veli palatini muscle perform?
Raises the soft palate & helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing
45
What action does the tensor veli palatini perform?
Tenses & Lowers the Soft Palate
46
What action does the muscle of the uvula perform?
Shortens & Broadens the Uvula, Changing the Contour to the Soft Palate. Helps Close off the Nasopharynx during Swallowing
47
Are the crowns of permanent premolars shorter or longer than anterior teeth?
Shorter
48
Which baby teeth do permanent premolars replace?
Primary First and Second Molars
49
How many roots do MOST permanent premolars have?
1
50
Which of the permanent premolars usually have 2 roots?
Maxillary 1st Premolars
51
What percent of the maxillary 1st premolars have only 1 root?
20%
52
How many cusps do maxillary premolars have?
2
53
How do the size of the cusps of maxillary premolars compare to each other?
Almost Equal
54
How many cusps do mandibular premolars have?
Can have more than 2
55
Which cusp of mandibular premolars are always smaller?
Lingual
56
What are the UNS numbers for permanent maxillary first premolars?
5 & 12
57
Which baby teeth are replaced by the permanent maxillary first premolars?
B & I
58
At what age do permanent maxillary first premolars erupt?
10-11 years
59
At what age are the roots of permanent maxillary first premolars complete?
Between 12-13 years
60
Where are the two roots of the maxillary first premolars located?
Buccally and Lingually
61
What is the only tooth in the permanent dentition with a buccal cusp that has a longer mesial slope than distal slope?
Maxillary First Premolars
62
How can you distinguish the right maxillary first premolar from the left?
Mesial Cusp Slope is Longer than the Distal
63
Is the buccal or lingual cusp of a maxillary first premolar sharper?
Buccal
64
Do the maxillary first premolars have prominent root concavities?
Yes
65
Which side of the maxillary first premolars has a developmental depression?
Mesial
66
Which side of the maxillary first premolars has a deeper CEJ curvature?
Mesial
67
How many pulp horns do the maxillary first premolars have?
2
68
How many pulp canals do the maxillary first premolars have?
2
69
What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary second premolars?
4 & 13
70
Which baby teeth do the maxillary second premolars replace?
A & J
71
When do the maxillary second premolars erupt?
Between 10-12 years
72
When are the roots of the maxillary second premolars complete?
Between 12-14 years
73
What is the difference between the crowns of the 1st and 2nd maxillary premolars?
2nd is rounder than the 1st
74
Which of the maxillary premolars has more crown variation?
2nd
75
How many roots do the maxillary second premolars usually have?
1
76
Which of the maxillary premolars has sharper cusps?
1st
77
How does the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolars compare to the lingual?
Almost the same height
78
How can you tell the difference between the left and right maxillary 2nd premolars?
Lingual cusp is slightly more mesial
79
Which of the maxillary premolars has more prominent root concavities?
1st
80
How many pulp canals do the maxillary 2nd premolars have?
1
81
How many pulp horns do the maxillary 2nd premolars have?
2
82
Which of the mandibular premolars is smaller?
1st
83
Do the mandibular or maxillary premolars generally erupt first?
Maxillary
84
How many roots do the permanent mandibular premolars have?
1
85
What are the UNS numbers for the mandibular first premolars?
21 & 28
86
What primary teeth are replaced by the mandibular first premolars?
L & S
87
When do the mandibular 1st premolars erupt?
Between 10-12 years
88
When are the roots of the mandibular 1st premolars complete?
Between 12-13 years
89
Which posterior teeth have only 1 functional cusp during occlusion?
Mandibular 1st Premolars
90
How can you tell the difference between the right and left mandibular first premolars?
Mesial cusp slope is shorter than the distal cusp slope
91
Which cusp of the mandibular 1st premolars is usually small and nonfunctioning?
Lingual
92
Which way do the crowns of all mandibular posteriors tilt?
Lingual
93
Do mandibular 1st premolars have proximal root concavities?
Yes
94
Which side of the mandibular 1st premolars more frequently has proximal root concavities?
Mesial
95
How can you tell the left and right mandibular 1st premolars?
Deeper CEJ curvature on the mesial surface and ML groove near the lingual margin
96
How many pulp horns do the mandibular 1st premolars have?
2
97
How many pulp canals do the mandibular 1st premolars have?
1
98
What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 2nd premolars?
20 & 29
99
What primary teeth are replaced by the mandibular 2nd premolars?
K & T
100
When do the mandibular 2nd premolars erupt?
Between 11-12 years
101
When are the roots of the mandibular 2nd premolars complete?
Between 13-14 years
102
How many cusps do the mandibular 2nd premolars have?
2 or 3
103
Do the 1st or 2nd mandibular premolars have more supplemental grooves?
2nd
104
Are the roots of the 1st or 2nd premolars longer?
2nd
105
Does the 1st or 2nd premolar have shorter buccal cusps?
2nd
106
Do the 1st or 2nd premolars have longer lingual cusps?
2nd
107
Do the mandibular 2nd premolars have an ML groove?
No
108
Do the mandibular 2nd premolars have pronounced proximal root concavities?
Yes
109
What separates the cusps of a 3-cusped mandibular 2nd premolars?
Developmental Grooves
110
What shape is formed by the grooves on a 3 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
Y
111
What shape is formed by the grooves of a 2 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
U or H
112
How many central pits are present on a 3 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar?
1
113
How many central pits are present on a 2 cusped mandibular second premolar?
2
114
Where are the central pits of a 2 cusped mandibular 2nd premolar located?
Mesial and Distal (Never Lingual)
115
How many pulp horns do mandibular 2nd premolars have?
Three Cusp=3, Two Cusp=2
116
How many pulp canals do mandibular 2nd premolars have?
1
117
What is/are the function(s) of the premolars?
Assist molars in grinding, assist canines in piercing and tearing, support facial muscles, esthetics, and speech
118
What is the primary function of molars?
Grinding Food. Also involved in esthetics and speech
119
Which molar is the largest?
1st
120
Which surface of maxillary molars have grooves and pits?
Lingual
121
Which surface of the mandibular molars have grooves and pits?
Buccal
122
How many roots do maxillary molars usually have?
3
123
How many roots do mandibular molars usually have?
2
124
Where are the 3 roots of the maxillary molars located?
MB, DB, & Lingual
125
Where are the furcations of maxillary molars?
Buccal, Mesial, & Distal
126
Are root concavities present on maxillary molars?
Yes
127
What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 1st molars?
3 & 14
128
When do maxillary first molars erupt?
Between 6-7 yrs
129
When are the roots of maxillary 1st molars complete?
Between 9-10 yrs
130
Which teeth are usually the 1st permanent teeth the erupt in the maxillary arch?
Maxillary 1st Molars
131
Which root of the maxillary 1st molars is the largest/longest?
Lingual/Palatal
132
Which root of the maxillary 1st molars is the smallest/shortest
DB
133
Which cusp of the maxillary 1st molar is the largest?
ML
134
Which cusp of the maxillary 1st molars is the sharpest?
DL
135
How can you tell the right and left maxillary 1st molars apart?
DL cusp is sharper
136
Which tooth often has a cusp of carabelli?
Maxillary 1st molar
137
What is a 5th nonfunctioning cusp on the ML cusp called?
Cusp of Carabelli
138
How many pulp horns do the maxillary 1st molars have?
4
139
How many pulp canals do maxillary 1st molars have?
3 (sometimes 4)
140
Which of the roots of the maxillary 1st molars sometimes has 2 pulp canals?
MB
141
What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 2nd molars?
2 & 15
142
When do the maxillary 2nd molars erupt?
Between 12-13 years
143
When are the roots of the maxillary 2nd molars complete?
Between 14 & 16
144
How many cusps do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
3 or 4
145
Which root of the maxillary 2nd molars is the longest/largest?
Lingual
146
Which cusp is sometimes not present on the maxillary 2nd molars?
DL
147
Which cusp of the maxillary 2nd molars is the largest?
ML
148
What are the 2 types of crown outlines of maxillary 2nd molars?
Heart or Rhomboidal
149
What shape crown is most common on the maxillary 2nd molars?
Rhomboidal
150
How many pulp horns do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
4
151
How many pulp canals do the maxillary 2nd molars have?
3
152
What are the UNS numbers of the maxillary 3rd molars?
1 & 16
153
When may the maxillary 3rd molars erupt?
Between 17 & 21
154
When are the roots of the maxillary 3rd molars complete?
Between 18-25 yrs
155
Which molars are the smallest?
Maxillary 3rd Molars
156
Which molar has 3 roots that may be fused together and appear as 1 root?
Maxillary 3rd Molars
157
How many roots do the mandibular molars usually have?
2
158
How many cusps do the mandibular molars usually have?
4-5
159
Which 2 cusps are always present on mandibular cusps?
Lingual
160
What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 1st molars?
19 & 30
161
When do the mandibular 1st molars erupt?
Between 6-7 yrs
162
When are the roots of the mandibular 1st molars complete?
Between 9-10 yrs
163
How many cusps do the mandibular 1st molars usually have?
5
164
What is the widest permanent tooth?
Mandibular 1st Molars
165
Which cusp of the mandibular 1st molars is the largest, widest, and highest?
MB
166
Which cusp of the mandibular 1st molars is the lowest and sharpest?
DB
167
Which root of the mandibular 1st molars is usually larger?
Mesial
168
What is the order of cusp height of the mandibular 1st molars? (Highest to Lowest)
ML, DL, MB, DB, Distal
169
How can you tell the difference between the right and left mandibular 1st molars?
Distal Cusp
170
How many pits are present on the mandibular 1st molars?
3
171
How many pulp canals do the mandibular 1st molars have?
3
172
Which root of the mandibular 1st molars usually has 2 pulp canals?
Mesial
173
How many pulp horns do the mandibular 1st molars have?
5
174
What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 2nd molars?
18 & 31
175
When do the mandibular 2nd molars usually erupt?
Between 11-13 yrs
176
When are the roots of the mandibular 2nd molars complete?
Between 14-15 yrs
177
How many cusps do the mandibular 2nd molars usually have?
4
178
How can you tell the difference between the right and left 2nd molars?
Mesial root is longer than the distal
179
How many occlusal pits do the mandibular 2nd molars have?
3
180
How many pulp horns do the mandibular 2nd molars have?
4
181
How many pulp canals do the mandiblar 2nd molars have?
Usually 3, sometimes 2
182
Which root of the mandibular 2nd molars usually has 2 pulp canals?
Mesial
183
What are the UNS numbers of the mandibular 3rd molars?
17 & 32
184
When may the mandiublar 3rd molars erupt?
Between 17-21 yrs
185
When are the roots of the mandibular 3rd molars complete?
Between 18-25 yrs
186
How many roots do the mandibular 3rd molars usually have?
2 fused
187
Are the mesial or distal cusps of the mandibular 3rd molars larger?
Mesial
188
How many pulp horns do the mandibular 3rd molars have?
4
189
How many canals do the mandibular 3rd molars have?
2-3
190
Which root of the mandibular 3rd molars may have 2 canals?
Mesial
191
What is the word for a large network of blood vessels?
Vascular Plexus
192
What is the word for connecting channels among arteries and veins for "communication"?
Anastomoses
193
Which major branch of the vascular system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Arteries
194
What are the smallest branches of arteries called?
Capillaries
195
Which branch of the vascular system carries CO2 rich blood back to the heart?
Veins
196
What are the smaller branches of veins called
Venules
197
What is the main artery of the heart called?
Aorta
198
What are the major arteries that supply the head and neck?
Common Carotid and Subclavian
199
What artery supplies the intracranial structures?
Internal Carotid Artery
200
Which artery supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck?
External Carotid Artery
201
What are the 4 sets of branches of the external carotid artery?
Anterior, Medial, Posterior, Terminal
202
What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Superior Thyroid, Lingual, and Facial
203
Which artery supplies structures inferior to the hyoid bone?
Superior Thyroid Artery
204
Which artery supplies structures superior to the hyoid bone?
Lingual
205
Which artery supplies the muscles of facial expression, lips, eyelids, and skin of the nose?
Facial
206
What artery is part of the medial branch of the external carotid artery?
Ascending Pharyngeal
207
Which artery supplies the pharyngeal walls, meninges of the brain, and soft palate/tonsils?
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
208
What arteries are part of the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Occipital and Posterior Auricular
209
Which artery supplies the SCM muscle, suprahyoid muscles, auricular region, meninges, and trapezius muscle?
Occipital
210
Which artery supplies the auricular region and the mastoid process?
Posterior Auricular Artery
211
What arteries are part of the terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
Superficial Temporal and Maxillary
212
Which artery supplies the parotid salivary gland, temporalis muscle, frontal region of scalp, and parietal region of scalp?
Superfical Temporal Artery
213
Which artery supplies the auricular region, tympanic region, dura mater, cranial bones, infratemporal fossa, mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, mental region, temporal region, muscles of mastication, buccinator muscle, maxillary teeth, hard and soft palates, and nasal region?
Maxillary Artery
214
What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?
Mandibular, Pterygoid, Pterygopalatine
215
Are veins or arteries more numerous?
Veins
216
Which branches of the vascular system are easily involved with the spread of infections?
Vein
217
What vein drains the brain and most of the other structures of the head and neck?
Internal Jugular Vein
218
Which vein drains the more superficial areas of the cranium?
External Jugular Vein
219
Where do the internal and external jugular veins drain into?
Superior Vena Cava (directly into the heart)
220
Which vein drains the pulp of maxillary teeth and associated periodontium and gingiva?
Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein
221
Where does the posterior superior alveolar vein drain into?
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins
222
Which vein drains the pulp of mandibular teeth, associated periodontium, and gingiva?
Inferior Alveolar Vein
223
Where does the inferior alveolar vein drain into?
Pterygoid plexus of veins
224
What vein(s) drains the deep parts of the face into the maxillary vein, posterior superior alveolar vein, inferior alveolar vein, and the meninges of the brain?
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins
225
Where does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain?
Maxillary Vein
226
Which vein drains the pterygoid plexus, posterior superior alveolar vein, and the inferior alveolar vein?
Maxillary Vein
227
Where does the maxillary vein drain?
Merges with superfical temporal vein to drain into the retromandibular vein
228
What vein drains the lateral scalp?
Superficial Temporal Vein
229
Where does the Superficial Temporal Vein drain?
Retromandibular Vein
230
Which vein has two divisions and drains the facial vein, temporal maxillary, and posterior auricular areas?
Retromandibular Vein
231
Which division of the retromandibular vein drains the facial vein?
Anterior Division
232
Which division of the retromandibular vein drains the temporal, maxillary, and posterior auricula areas?
Posterior
233
Which lingual veins drain the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Dorsal Lingual Veins
234
Which lingual veins drain the ventral surface fo the tongue?
Deeper Lingual Veins
235
Which lingual veins drain the floor of the mouth?
Sublingual Veins
236
What vein(s) drain the tongue?
Lingual Veins
237
Where do the lingual veins drain?
Facial vein or directly into the internal jugular vein
238
Which vein drains the orbit of the eye, veins of the lips and chin, and sometimes the lingula veins?
Facial Vein
239
Where does the facial vein drain?
Internal Jugular Vein
240
What is secreted by the lacrimal glands?
Lacrimal Fluid or Tears
241
Where are the lacrimal glands located?
Lacrimal Fossa
242
What duct is associated with the lacrimal gland?
Lacrimal Duct
243
What type of secretions are secreted by the parotid salivary gland?
Serous Saliva
244
Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
In the cheek. Superior to the masseter muscle
245
What duct is associated with the parotid salivary gland?
Stensen's Duct
246
What type of secretion is secreted by the submandibular salivary gland?
Mixed Serous and Mucous Saliva
247
Where is the submandibular gland located?
Superfical to the mylohyoid muscle
248
What duct is associated with the submandibular salivary gland?
Wharton's Duct
249
What type of secretions are secreted by the sublingual salivary gland?
Mixed serous and mucous saliva (mostly mucous)
250
Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?
Superior to the mylohoid and medial to the body of the mandible (Anterior to the submandibular gland)
251
What duct is associated with the sublingual salivary gland?
Bartholin's Duct
252
What type of secretion is secreted by the minor salivary glands?
Mainly mucous, with some serous
253
Which minor salivary glands are associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae?
Von Ebner's Glands
254
What type of secretion is secreted from Von Ebner's Glands?
Serous
255
What is secreted by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
256
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Inferior to thyroid cartilage
257
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
2 on each side of the thyroid
258
What is secreted by the parathyroid gland?
Parathyroid Hormone
259
Where is the Thymus gland located?
In the chest
260
What is the funcion of the thymus gland?
Part of the immune system
261
Which gland grows form birth to puberty then shrinks by adulthood?
Thymus
262
Do primary or permanent teeth have larger pulp chambers?
Primary
263
When do teeth O & P erupt?
6-10 months
264
When do teeth E & F erupt?
8-12 months
265
When do teeth D & G erupt?
9-13 months
266
When do teeth N & Q erupt?
10-16 months
267
When do teeth B & I erupt?
13-19 months
268
When do teeth L & S erupt?
14-18 months
269
When do teeth C & H erupt?
16-22 months
270
When do teeth M & R erupt?
17-23 months
271
When do teeth K & T erupt?
23-31 months
272
When do teeth A & J erupt?
25-33 months
273
In what order do the teeth of the primary dentition erupt?
Mandibular Centrals, Maxillary Centrals, Maxillary Laterals, Mandibular Laterals, Maxillary 1st Molars, Mandibular 1st Molars, Maxillary Canines, Mandibular Canines, Mandibular 2nd Molars, Maxillary 2nd Molars
274
When should the first dental visit occur?
Within 6 months of eruption of the first primary tooth and no later than 1 year old
275
What are the primary mandibular central incisors in the UNS?
O & P
276
When do the primary mandibular centrals shed?
Between 6-7 years
277
What are the smallest primary teeth?
Central Incisors
278
What are the maxillary central incisors in the UNS?
E & F
279
When do the primary maxillary central incisors shed?
Between 6-7 Years
280
What are the primary maxillary lateral incisors in the UNS?
D & G
281
When do the primary maxillary lateral incisors shed?
Between 7-8 years
282
What are the primary mandibular lateral incisors in the UNS?
N & Q
283
When do the primary mandibular lateral incisors shed?
Between 7-8 years
284
What are the primary maxillary 1st molars in the UNS?
B & I
285
When are the primary maxillary 1st molars shed?
Between 9-11 yrs
286
What are the primary mandibular 1st molars in the UNS?
L & S
287
When are the primary mandibular 1st molars shed?
Between 9-11 years
288
What are the primary maxillary canines in the UNS?
C & H
289
When do the primary maxillary canines shed?
Between 10-12 years
290
What are the primary mandibular canines in the UNS?
M & R
291
When are the primary mandibular canines shed?
Between 9-12 years
292
What are the primary mandibular 2nd molars in the UNS?
K & T
293
When are the primary mandibular 2nd molars shed?
Between 10-12 years
294
Which permanent molar most closely resembles the primary 2nd molars?
Permanent 1st Molars
295
What are the primary maxillary 2nd molars in the UNS?
A & J
296
When are the primary maxillary 2nd molars shed?
Between 10-12 years
297
Which primary teeth commonly have cusp of carabelli?
Maxillary 2nd Molar
298
What is the voluntary postition of the teeth that allow maximum contact called?
Centric Occlusion
299
What is the horizontal measurement of the maxillary arch's overlap of the mandibular teeth?
Overjet
300
What is the vertical measurment of the maxillary arch's overlap of the mandibular teeth?
Overbite

19 more cards in OutLearn. Open the full deck

Study all 319 cards for free