1What is the cellular component of the nervous system called?
Neuron
2What is a bundle of neural processes in PNS called?
Nerve
3What is an accumulation of neuron cell bodies called?
Ganglion
4What is the junction between two neurons (or between a neuron and effector organ) where neural impulses are transmitted called?
Synapse
5What is a supply of nerves to tissue, structures, or organs called?
Innervation
6Which nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System
7What type of nerves are sensory nerves?
Afferent Nerves
8What type of nerves are motor nerves?
Efferent Nerve
9How can you remember the difference between Afferent and Efferent nerves?
SAME: Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent
10What type of nerve caries informationfrom the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord?
Afferent Nerve
11What type of nerve caries information from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body?
Efferent
12How can you remember which nerves bring info to the brain vs away from?
Efferent Exits and Afferent Arrives
13Which nervous system operates without any concious control?
Autonomic Nervous System
14Which nervous system transmits sensory and motar signals to and form the central nervous system?
Somatic Nervous System
15Which branch of the ANS is responsible for fight or flight?
Sympathetic
16Which branch of the ANS is responsible for rest and digest?
Parasympathetic
17What is the name of Cranial Nerve I?
Olfactory Nerve
18What is the function of the olfactory nerve?
Smell
19Which nerve is Cranial Nerve II?
Optic Nerve
20What is the function of the optic nerve?
Sight
21Which nerve is Cranial Nerve III?
Oculomotor Nerve
22What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
Eye Movement
23Which nerve is Cranial Nerve IV?
Trochlear Nerve
24What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Eye Movement
25Which nerve is Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerve
26What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
Movement of the muscles of mastication and sensation of the head and oral cavity
27Which nerve is Cranial Nerve VI?
Abducens Nerve
28What is the function of the Abducens nerve?
Eye Movement
29Which nerve is Cranial Nerve VII?
Facial Nerve
30What is the function of the facial nerve?
Movement of muscles of facial expression, submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands, sensation for skin around the ear and taste
31Which nerve is Cranial Nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
32What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Inner Ear
33Which nerve is Cranial Nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
34What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Movement of stylopharyngeus muscle, parotid salivary gland, skin around the ear, mucosa of the pharynx, middle ear, and taste
35Which nerve is Cranial Nerve X?
Vagus Nerve
36What is the function of the vagus nerve?
Movement of muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, thoracic, and abdominal organs, skin around the ear and taste sensation for epiglottis
37Which nerve is Cranial Nerve XI?
Accessory (Spinal) Nerve
38What is the function of the accessory nerve?
Movement of the muscles of the neck
39Which nerve is Cranial Nerve XII?
Hypoglossal Nerve
40What is the function of the Hypoglossal Nerve?
Movement of the tongue muscles
41Which nerve innervates the upper lip, medial part of the cheek, side of the nose, and the lower eyelid?
Infraorbital Nerve
42What structure does the infraorbital nerve pass through?
Infraorbital Foramen
43Which nerve innervates the incisors to the midline?
Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
44What structure does the ASA nerve pass through?
Apical Foramina of Maxillary Anterior Teeth
45Which nerve innervates the premolars and the MB root of the 1st molar?
Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve
46What structure does the MSA originate in?
Apical Foramina
47Which nerve innervates the maxillary sinus, maxillary molars (minus the MB root of the 1st molar), and associated periodontium?
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
48What structures does the PSA nerve pass through?
Apical Foramina of Maxillary Molars
49Which nerve innervates the posterior hard palate and the periodontium of the maxillary posterior teeth?
Greater Palatine Nerve
50What structure does the GP nerve pass through?
Greater Palatine Foramen
51Which nerve innervates the soft palate and the palatine tonsils?
Lesser Palatine Nerve
52What structure does the Lesser Palatine Nerve pass through?
Lesser Palatine Foramen
53Which injection anesthetizes the maxillary molares and associated periodontium (Minus the MB root of the 1st molar)?
PSA
54Which injection anesthetizes the premolars and the MB root of the maxillary 1st molars?
MSA
55Which injection anesthetizes the incisors to the midline?
ASA
56Which injection anesthetizes the upper lip, cheek, side of the nose, and lower eyelid?
IO
57Which injection anesthetizes the posterior hard palate and the periodontium of maxillary posterior teeth?
GP
58Which injection anesthetizes the anterior hard palate and palatal periodontium of maxillary anterior teeth?
NP
59What is the target area of the NP injection?
Incisive Foramen
60Which injection anesthetizes the mandibular teeth, surrounding periodontium, labial mucosa, and the tongue to the midline?
IA
61What is the target structure of the IA injection?
Mandibular Foramen
62Which injection anesthetizes the skin of the cheek, buccal mucosa, and periodontium of mandibular molars?
Buccal
63What is the target structure associated with the buccal injection?
Anterior Border of the Ramus
64Which injection anesthetizes the chin, lower lip, labial mucosa, facialperiodontium of mandibular anterior teeth, and premolars to the midline?
Mental
65What is the target structure associated with the mental injection?
Mental foramen
66Which injection anesthetizes the mandibular anterior teeth, premolars, and associated periodontium to the midline?
Incisive
67What is the target structure associated with the incisive injection?
Mental Foramen
68What three structures form the TMJ?
Condylar Process of the Mandible, Articular Fossa and Articular process of the Temporal Bone
69What structures work in union with the TMJ?
Temporal Bone, Mandible, Meniscus, Specific Muscles, and Specific Ligaments
70What is the depression on the temporal bone that is posterior and medial to the zygomatic process called?
Articular or Glenoid Fossa
71Which structure of the TMJ controls how far the mandible can open?
Articular Eminence
72What is the sharp ridge posterior to the articular fossa called?
Postglenoid Process
73What type of joint is the TMJ?
Synovial Joint
74What type of movement does the TMJ have?
Both Hinge and Gliding
75What does it mean when a joint is a compound joint?
Has an articular disc
76What is the articular disc of a joint called?
Meniscus
77What are the 3 TMJ ligaments?
Temporomandibular Ligament, Sphenomandibular Ligament, and Stylomandibular Ligament
78What is TMD?
Temporomandibular Disorder
79What are the symptoms of TMD?
Chronic Joint Inflammation, Swelling, Tenderness of the Jaw Muscles, Painful Muscle Spasms, Clicking or Popping of the Joint, Limited, deviated, or abnormal mouth opening, headache, tooth sesitivity, abnormal attrition
80What is hypermobility of the TMJ and partial dislocation of the mandible called?
Subluxation or Partial Dislocation
81Where are the occipital lymph nodes located?
Posterior Base of the Skull
82What do the occipital lymph nodes drain?
Occipital Part of the Scalp
83Where do the occipital lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
84Where are the Posterior Auricular Lymph Nodes located?
Posterior to each ear
85What do the posterior auricular lymph nodes drain?
Ear, Lacrimal Gland, Adjacent Scalp, and Face
86Where do the posterior auricular lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
87Where are the anterior auricular lymph nodes?
Anterior to each ear
88What do the anterior auricular lymph nodes drain?
Ear, Lacrimal Gland, Adjacent Scalp, and Face
89Where do the anterior auricular lymph nodes empty?
Deep cervical Nodes
90Where are the Superficial Parotid Lymph nodes?
Superficial to parotid salivary gland
91What do the superficial parotid lymph nodes drain?
Ear, lacrimal gland, and adjacent scalp and face
92Where do the superfical parotid lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
93Where are the facial lymph nodes?
Along the facial vein across the side of the face
94What do the facial lymph nodes drain?
Skin and mucous membrane
95Where do the facial lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
96Where are the deep parotid lymph nodes?
Deep within the parotid salivary gland
97What do the deep parotid lymph nodes drain?
Middle ear, auditory tube, and parotid salivary gland
98Where do the deep parotid lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
99Where are the retropharyngeal lymph nodes?
Near deep parotid nodes at the level of the atlas
100What do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain?
Palate, pharynx, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity
101Where do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
102Where are the submental lymph nodes?
Inferior to the chin
103What do the submental lymph nodes drain?
Lower lip, both sides of the chin, floor of the mouth, apex of the tongue, mandibular incisors, and associated tissues
104Where do the submental lymph nodes empty?
Submandibular nodes or directly into the deep cervical nodes
105Where are the submandibular lymph nodes?
Inferior border of the mandibular ramus
106What do the submandibular lymph nodes drain?
Cheeks, Upper Lip, body of the tongue, Anterior hard palate, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, and most teeth with associated periodontium except mandibular incisors and max 3rd molars
107Where do the submandibular lymph nodes empty into?
Deep Cervical Nodes
108Where are the external jugular lymph nodes?
On each side of the neck along external jugular vein
109What do the external jugular lymph nodes drain?
Secondary nodes for occipital, posterior and anterior auricular, and superficial parotid nodes?
110Where do the external jugular lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
111Where are the anterior jugular lymph nodes?
On each side of the neck along the length of the anterior jugular vein
112What do the anterior jugular lymph nodes drain?
Infrahyoid Region
113Where do the Anterior Jugular lymph nodes empty?
Deep Cervical Nodes
114Where are the superior deep cervical lymph nodes?
Deep to the SCM
115What structures do the superior deep cervical lymph nodes drain?
Posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of the tongue, maxillary third molars with associated periodontium and gingiva, TMJ, esophagus, trachea, and thyroid
116Where do the superior deep cervical lymph nodes empty?
Inferior deep cervical nodes or directly into the jugular trunk
117Where are the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes?
Deep to the SCM
118What structures do the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes drain?
Posterior part of the scalp and the neck, and the superficial pectoral region and part of the arm
119Where do the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes empty?
Venous system via thoracic or lymphatic ducts
120Where are the accessory lymph nodes?
Along cranial nerve XI
121What structures do the accessory lymph nodes drain?
Scalp and neck regions
122Where do the accessory lymph nodes empty?
Supraclavicular Nodes
123Where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes?
Superior to the clavicle
124What structures do the supraclavicular lymph nodes drain?
Lateral cervical triangles of the neck
125Where do the supraclavicular lymph nodes empty?
Directly into right lymphatic duct or left thoracic duct
126What are layers upon layers of fibrous connective tissue called?
Fascia
127Where is the maxillary vestibular space?
Between the buccinator and the maxillary oral mucosa
128What does the maxillary vestibular space communicate with?
Maxillary Molars, Gingiva, and Periodontium
129What are the potential sources of infection of the maxillary vestibular space?
Maxillary Molars and Associated Periodontium
130Where is the mandibular vestibular space?
Between the buccinator and the mandibular oral mucosa
131What structures does the mandibular vestibular space communicate with?
Mandibular posterior teeth, gingiva, periodontium, and the space of the body of the mandible
132What are the possible sources of infection of the mandibular vestibular space?
Mandibular posterior teeth and associated periodntium
133Where is the canine space?
Within the superficial fascia covering the canine fossa (lateral to the canine eminence)
134What structure is within the canine space?
Infraorbital Nerve
135What structure does the canine space communicate with?
Buccal Space
136What are the possible sources of infection of the canine space?
Maxillary Canine
137Where is the buccal space?
Between the buccinator and masseter
138What is contained within the buccal space?
Buccal Fat Pad
139What structures does the buccal space communicate with?
Canine Space, Pterygomandibular Space, and Space of Body of the Mandible
140What are the potential sources of infection of the buccal space?
Maxillary premolar/molar or mandibular molar
141Where is the parotid space?
Envelops the parotid gland
142What is contained within the parotid space?
Parotid Salivary Gland and much of cranial nerve VII, part of the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein
143What structures does the parotid space communicate with?
Parapharyngeal Space
144What are the possible sources of infection of the parotid space?
Parotid Salivary Gland
145Where is the masticator space?
Area of the mandible and muscles of mastication
146What is contained within the masticator space?
Temporal, infratemporal, and submasseteric spaces
147What structures does the masticator space comunicate with?
Submandibular space, cervical space, and parapharyngeal space
148Where is the temporal space?
Part of the masticator space between the temporal fascia and temporalis
149What is contained within the temporal space?
Fat tissue
150What structures does the temporal space communicate with?
Infratemporal and submasseteric spaces
151What are the possible sources of infection of the temporal space?
Infratemporal and/or pterygomandibular spaces
152Where is the infratemporal space?
Part of the masticator space between the lateral pterygoid plate, maxillary tuberosity, and mandibular ramus
153What is contained within the infratemporal space?
Maxillary artery, mandibular nerve, and pterygoid plexus of veins
154What structures communicate with the infratemporal space?
Temporal, submasseteric, submandibular, and parapharyngeal spaces
155What are the possible sources of infection of the infratemporal space?
Maxillary 3rd molars or needle tract infection
156Where is the pterygomandibular space?
Part of the infratemporal space
157What structures are within the pterygomandibular space?
IA & Lingual nerves
158Where is the submasseteric space?
Part of masticator space between masseter muscle and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
159What is contained within the submasseteric space?
Masseteric artery and vein
160What structures does the submasseteric space communicate with?
Both the temporal and infratemporal spaces
161Where is the space of the body of the mandible?
Formed by the periosteum covering the mandible
162What is contained within the space of the body of the mandible?
Mandible and the IA nerve
163What structures does the space of the body of the mandible communicate with?
The vestibular, buccal, submental, submandibular, and sublingual spaces
164What are the possible sources of infection of the space of the body of the mandible?
Mandibular Teeth
165Where is the submental space?
In the midline between the mandibular symphysis and hyoid
166What is contained within the submental space?
Submental lymph nodes and anterior jugular vein
167What structures does the submental space communicate with?
The space of the body of the mandible, submandibular and sublingual spaces
168What are the possible sources of infection of the submental space?
Mandibular anterior teeth or extension of infection from submandibular space
169Where is the submandibular space?
Medial to mandible and inferior to mylohyoid muscle
170What is contained within the submandibular space?
Submandibular lymph nodes, most of the submandibular salivary gland, and part of the facial artery
171What structures does the submandibular space communicate with?
Infratemporal, submental, sublingual, and parapharyngeal spaces
172What are the possible sources of infection of the submandibular space?
Mandibular Posterior Teeth
173Where is the sublingual space?
Medial to the mandible and superior to the mylohyoid muscle
174What structures are within the sublingual space?
Sublingula salivary gland/ducts, duct of the deep lobe of the submandibular salivary gland, part of the lingual nerve and artery, and the XII cranialnerve
175What structures does the sublingual space communicate with?
Submental, submandibular spaces, and the space of the body of the mandible
176What are the possible sources of infection of the sublingual space?
Mandibular 1st Molar or Premolar
177What type of lesion is suppuration filled and usually localized?
Abscess
178What type of lesion is diffuse inflammation of soft tissue spaces?
Cellulitis
179What type of lesion is inflammationof the bone marrow of the jaw?
Osteomyelitis
180When does an abscess form?
When there is localized entrapment of pathogens from a dental infection
181What is cellulitis of the submandibular space and sublingual space called?
Ludwig's Angina
182What happens as a result of infection spreading to the paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary Sinusitis
183What results from the spread of infection by the vascular system?
Bacteremia or Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
184What happens as a result of infection spreading by the lymphatic system?
Lymphadenopathy
185What happens as a result of infection spread by the spaces?
Cellulitis
186What can the spread of infection to the paranasal sinuses result from?
Infection from PA abscess or contaminated toothoot fragment
187Why is there an increased possibility of spreading infection via the vascular system?
Anastomosis
188Which sinus is most likely to be involved in the possibly fatal spread of dental infection?
Cavernous Sinus
189What can result in the spread of infection to the pterygoid plexus of veins?
Needle Tract Contamination during PSA block
190What are the best ways to prevent the spread of infection?
Thorough MHX, Rescheduling immunocompromised pt for elective tx, treating decayed/infected deeth before major surgeries, standard infection control protocol, pre-procedural rinses, not administering LA through an area of dental infection