1animisim
belief that non-human things possess spiritual essence
2Pueblo Indians
southwest; arid land & relied on irrigation to grow maize
3Lakota Sioux Indians
Great Basin/Plains: lack of natural resources= nomadic w/ buffalo hunting
4Iroqouis Indians
Atlantic coast/Northeast: agricultural & hunter-gatherer, permanent villages
5colonization motives
God: convert natives Glory: earn power & status Gold: find new wealth (trade w/ Asia)
6Columbian Exchange
Trans-Atlantic exchange of people, diseases, food, trade, ideas, etc. btwn New & Old Worlds
7Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope split New World btwn Spain & Portugal @ W. Hemisphere
8
encomienda system
Spanish colonists received land with natives if they promised to convert the population (essentially slavery, protested by Church)
9Mestizo
people of mixed Indian & European heritage
10Mulatto
people of mixed Black & white heritage
11Pueblo Revolt
successful Native uprising against Spanish; destruction of Catholic Churches & Spanish deaths
12Bartolomé de las Casas
published "Short Account of Destruction of Indies" criticizing Spanish treatment of natives
13Juan de Spulveda
wrote "Just Causees for War Against the Indians" justifying Spanish colonization