Unit 3

founded Quebec (fur trade & Catholic Jesuit missionaries)

Cause: territory disputes in Ohio River Valley btwn Fracne & England Spark: George Washington & troops attack French in Ohio River Valley (badly defeated) Turning Point: Attack on Quebec when British captured the area and cut off French supplies

plan by Benjamin Franklin to promote colonial unity during the French-Indian War by coordinating troops & collecting taxes (didn't work)

End of French-Indian War: England gained land from Canada to Florida and Appalachians to Mississippi from Frace and Florida from Spain

Ottawa chief (Pontiac) forged confederation & rebelled against colonists

Pennsylvania Scots-Irish settlers who attacked random native people

Prime Minister under KG3, advocated for acts to increase revenue

raised revenue on sugar & put stricter enforcements on Navigation Acts (smugglers tried in Vice-Admirality courts)

colonists required to provide housing & food to British soldiers

tax on variety of legal documents (passsed without colonial legislature consent)

Virginia Resolves (House of Burgesses), Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, boycotts

repealed Stamp Act after boycotts but declared England still had right to tax the colonies

tax on imports like paper, tea, glass, etc.; $ used to pay officials who had previously been paid by colonies; no warrant needed to enter homes

gave monopoly to British East India Company, protested w/ Boston Tea Party

Boston port closed until tea was paid for, reduced power of MA legislature & banned town meetings, quartering act expanded, royal officials would have trials in England

expanded Quebec boundary & established Catholicism there; colonists wanted this land & didn't approve of Catholic expanison

colonies (except GA) met in Philly, adopted Declaration of Rights & Grievances to send to KG3 (ignored it) & the Association to coordinate boycotts

first battle of American Revolution (before independence was declared)

organized Continental Army & selected Washington as commander

first battle where colonists held their own (lost because they ran out of gun powder)

effort to reconcile relationship with Britain and avoid a war (KG3 ignored it)

pamphlet by Thomas Paine, first doc to publicly call for independence

written by Jefferson, outlined greivances against KG3 & naturla rights of colonists (John Locke influence)

treaty btwn colonies & France negotiated by Benjamin Franklin

first time in hundreds of years that British army surrendered, proved to France that America was a worthy alliance

Washington crossed the Delaware & defeated Hessians, HUGE MORALE BOOST

final large battle, Cornwallis surrenders to America after navy is blockaded by France

England recognized US, boundary of US extended to MI River, Great Lakes, & Florida; Americans had to respect Loyalist rights & pay back English debts

idea that it was a woman's repsonsibliy to educate children on republican values (led to increased women's education)

any slave who fought for the British side would be freed upon war's end (not held up when British lost)

written by Jefferson, created separation of church & state in VA

1st federal gov't: no taxation power, unicameral congress, no executive branch, no trade regulation; 9/13 states needed to pass laws, all 13 needed to amend Articles

territories could become states when their populations reached 60,000 residents

set up system for surveying & selling land in NW (sections set aside for public education)

set up system for territories to enter the union, banned slavery in NW territory

Daniel Shay (farmer & veteran) organized rebellion to shut down courts & stop tax collection: proved the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

failed meeting to discuss trade & commerce (did however set date for Constitutional Convention)

55 delegates sent to revise Articles, ended up creating entirely new gov't

introduced by James Madison: bicameral legislature with population-based representation

favored by small states, unicameral legislature w/ equal state-based representation

introduced by Roger Sherman: bicameral legislature w/ Senate having 2 reps per state & House of Reps having population-based representation

slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person towards House of Reps representation & electoral college

supported Constitution & strong central gov't

opposed to Constitution, wanted weak central gov't

essays by John Jay, James Madison, & Alexander Hamilton supporting ratification

first 10 amendments added to Constitution in order to bring about ratification (individual rights)

organized Supreme Court w/ 1 chief justice & 5 associate judges

plan by Alexander Hamilton to have federal gov't pay off national debt & assume state's debts

farmers who distilled whiskey rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax which increased costs (rebellion stopped by Washington)

declared US neutral in skirmish btwn Britain & France

British agreed to leave their forts on the frontier (does not address harassment of American ships or issue of British supplying Natives w/ weapons)

Spain agreed to allow US usage of MI River & Port of New Orleans (changed Florida's boundary to 31st parallel)

unification of native tribes under Miami chief Little Turtle

Northwest Confederacy defeated by US army led by General Anthony Wayne

defeated Northwest tribes gave up land claims to Ohio territory

warned nation against permanent alliances & political parties (set Presidential precedent of two-term limits)

French officials attempted to receive bribes from Americans in order to begin negotiations with French foreign minister Talleyrand (outraged American public, calls for war)

undelcared naval war btwn France & US

increased time from 5 to 14 years to become American citizen (many immigrants voted Republican so Adams had political motivation)

president could deport/arrest immigrants considered dangerous

illegal to criticize gov't

said that states could nullify laws they considered to be unconstitutional (applied to Alien & Sedition Acts)