Unit 2

English defeat of Spanish navy led to the end of Spain's Golden Age

stockhodlers invest in a company & share the profits or losses (Corporate Colony)

land given by king to an individual or group

paid for & ruled directly by the monarchy

1st English colony: all colonists mysteriously disappeared (major failure)

Virginia & Maryland

1st permanent English colony: established by VA Company

many of original Jamestown settlers died of disease & starvation

saved Jamestown from starving period w/ military discipline

cultivated tobacco & financially saved Virginia

ability to earn 50 acres of land if you paid for somebody's journey to the colonies (indentured servitude)

early representative gov't in VA

2 wars btwn VA colonists & Powhatan tribe w/ increased tension as settlers moved west

marries John Rolfe to end 1st Anglo-Powhatan War

rebellion against natives on frontier led by Nathaniel Bacon, burned down Jamestown; frustrated with being blocked from moving farther west & House of Burgesses dominated by plantation elite

religous freedom for all Christians in MD (meant to protect Catholics)

cash crop & plantation economy (rice), wealthy aristocratic elite, African labor

cash crop (sugar cane), strict slave labor (Barbados Slave Code)

buffer colony against Spain & France, initially penal colony for debtors w/ no slavery

five pillars

wanted to purify Anglican Church, migrated to Massachusetts Bay

watned to break away from Anglican Church, landed @ Plymouth

agreement btwn Separatists establishing basic majority rule gov't (led by William Bradford)

Puritan who established Massachusetts Bay Colony ("City Upon a Hill")

community-based direct democarcy (church-going males could participate)

exiled from MA after questioning Puritan leadership (wanted fair native treatment & separation of church & state), established Rhode Island

challenged role of women & advocated antimonianism, exiled from MA

New England colonists wipe out Pequot tribe

miliatry alliance to defend colonies from threat (1st attempt to unify)

leader of Wampanoags wanted to remove settlers from his territory but defeated (last major resistance to New England)

originally New Amsterdam (Dutch) until Charles II gave it to his brother James the Duke of York

founded by William Penn as refuge for Quakers; very liberal: representation, fair treatment of natives, religous toleration, women's rights

NY-PA; very diverse, "breadbasket" bc they supplied most of the colonies' food

colonies are left to rule themselves (until after French-Indian War)

trade could only be in English ships through English ports, enumerated goods (not enforced, smuggling was an issue)

effort to increase royal control over colonies, ended w/ Glorious Revolution

3 part trade route: slaves & goods from Africa, Caribbean, and colonies

journey for slaves from Africa to Western Hemisphere

slave revolt South Carolina, tried to get to Spanish Florida but were defeated (led to stricter slave laws)

individuals could become partial members of Puritan church w/out conversion (meant to increase membership)

religious revival that spread throughout colonies through energetic preachers (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield)

John Peter Zenger printed newspaper critical of NY royal governor & protected by a jury (freedom of press)

begins with Massacre of 1622 and ends when Powhatan Confederacy is defeated finally (disease, disorganization, disposability)

served as buffer colony against Spain & France, penal colony for debtors, originally banned slavery

MA, NH, RI, CT; religious motives for colonization, close-knit societies, town hall meetings, large birth rates & immigrant populations, mixed economy (agriculture, trade, shipbuilding)

NY, PA, NJ, DE; rivers & fertile valleys ("bread basket"), diversity, manufacturing, mines, shipyards, glass, paper, iron industry stays in colonies (doesn't ship to England)(

male-dominated society, warmer climates, harsh lives and low birth rates, hierarchy of wealth & status, cash crop economy, few cities, indentured servitude then slavery

gave "Sinners in the Hands of Angry God" sermon

tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported into colonies in an effort to curb North American trade with French West Indies