Anatomy Unit 9: Cardiovascular System

Cells suspended in plasma

The fluid matrix that makes up most of blood and holds materials and stuff

Percentage of red blood cells

Protein in plasma that clots blood

Protein in plasma that transports substances or fights infections

Protein in plasma that regulates osmosis between blood and tissues

Flat molecules in globins that carry an iron atom

Cells with lobe-shaped nuclei and visible granules. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all granulocytes. They engulf and destroy forgein bacteria, and are produced more during an infection

No visible granules and kidney-shaped nuclei. Lymphocytes and nonocytes are agranulocytes. Also immune function.

Process of blood cell formation

Stem cells which create lymphoid stem cellls

Create all types of blood cells except for lymphocytes

Blood clot

A thrombus (blood clot) which has dislodged and is floating through the blood stream.

Antigen is a substance on the surface of blood cells which the body recognizes as foreign

Produced in the plasma as a response to the presence of antigens. They clump to the antigens

When antibodies attack antigens and clump together

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back. Drops off CO2, carries back O2.

Carries blood from heart to body tissues and back

The pulmonary trunk branches right and left into the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary veins bring the blood back to the heart. Come out of top of heart.

Two major blood vessels that attach tot he right side of the heart, both part of the systemic circuit. They return blood to the heart from the body.

Heart blood vessel that takes oxygenated blood from left side of heart to tissues

Outermost layer of the serous pericardium, aroudnd the heart.

Lower layer of serous pericardium, outermost layer of the heart.

Thick, twisting bunches of cardiac muscle to provide contractions

Thin layer linging the heart chambers

The upper cavities of the heart which recieve blood (left side, pulmonary, right side, systemic).

Bottom areas of the heart which pump blood back out

Wall in the heart that seperates right and left side

Valve seperating the right atrium and ventricle

Valve seperating left atrium and ventricle

Pulmonary semilunar: valve on the pulmonary arteries
Aortic semilunar: valve on the aortic arteries

Structures that hold AV valves in place

Node around the superior vena cava which begins the heart contraction by contracting the atria

Node in the right atrium that pauses the signal, letting the atria empty into the ventricles

In septum, carries signal from AV node to bundle branches

Branches in the septum which carry the contraction signal from the AV bundles to Purkinje fibers

Fibers in and along the ventricles which carry the heart contraction signal from the bundle branches to contract the ventricles.

Tiny branching blood vessels that bridge between arteries and veins, exchanging gasses with body tissues

Smaller arteries which lead into capillaries

Tiny veins which lead from capillaries into veins

The slippery, thin layer of veins and arteries

The thicker, middle layer of veins and arteries made of muscle

Outer fiberous and connective layer of tissue of veins and arteries

Protein in blood that carries oxygen.

A formed element; red blood cells. Transports oxygen via hemoglobin.

White blood cells. Protects the body from foreign substances.

Tiny fragments of other cells; clot the blood when a vessel is broken.

An agranulocyte, a type of leukocyte, that is mostly found in lymph nodes.

An agranulocyte, a type of leukocyte, that becomes a macrophage when it enters surrounding tissues and can engulf foreign bodies.

A granulocyte, a type of leukocyte, that engulfs and destroys foeign bacteria. It is the most common leukocyte during an infection.

A granulocyte, a type of leukocyte, that releases histamines to dialate blood vessels so that other leukocytes can rush to an infection

A granulocyte, a type of leukocyte, that kills parasitic worms and lessens allergic reactions.

The process of forming a blood clot

A, B, AB, and O, determined by the type of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes

An antigen on the surface of erythrocytes, whose presence can make the blood positive, or whose absence can make it negative.

Contraction of the heart

Releaxing of heart and filling with blood

Amount of blood pumped by each ventrile in one minute

Volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat

Their biconcave shape which gives the cell greater surface area and its few organelles let it carry more oxygen. Its roudned sides let it flow easily through blood vessels.

Erythrocytes: outnumber white leukocytes a ridiculous amount, no nuclei, live about 100 days, confined to bloodstream, consistent concentration.
Leukocytes: much less numerous, have nuclei, most only live a few days, but some can live years, in plasma but can pass out as needed, concentration fluctuates.

From outermost to innermost: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

Arteries are much thicker, handle high-pressure blood, and transport oxygenated blood. Veins are thinner and adapted to lower blood pressure, and carry deoxygenated blood.