Anatomy Unit 12: Urinary System

2 organs, located on either ride of the spine, near the back and below the ribcage, removes waste from the blood

Surrounds the kidney, is made of connective tissue

Layer of matter between the renal capsule and the renal pyramids. House most nephrons

The layer in the kidney made of renal pyramids

Site of urine production

Carry urine. Large tube where all minor calyces converge, leading from renal pyramids to renal pelvis.

Loss of control of external urethral sphincter

The small tubes carrying urine from the nephrons, connect to the major calyces

The junction where all major calyces meet, which then turns into the ureter.

The tube that forms from the renal pelvis, carrying uring from the kidneys to the bladder

Where the urine is stored.

Tube from the bladder to the two sphincters

Involuntary sphincter

Voluntary sphincter

Artery that carries blood into the kidneys

Vein that carries blood from the kidneys

The indented region in the kidneys

The fluid that is created when blood enters through the afferent arteriole and fluid is filtered through podocytes into Bowman's Capsule. Is only called filtrate once it is in the capsule.

Process of emptying the bladder

The functional unit of the kindeys; a long tubular structure with blood vessels. Where wastes get sorted in and out of blood, located mostly in the renal cortex, some in the medulla

Consists of the glomulerus and Bowman's Capsule

A ball of capillaries surrounded by bowman's capsule

Specialized filtration cells that filter blood into solutes as it passes through the afferent arteriole into the bowman's capsule

First part od the renal tubule, leading from the Bowman's capsule to the loop of henle. Main located of tubular reabsorbtion

A hollow, cup-shaped structure that surrounds the Glomerulus

Last part of the renal tubule, from the loop of henle to the collecting duct

Middle part of the renal tubule, from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule

Where blood enters the nephron from

Where blood leaves Bowman's Capsule from

A 3cm long tube with 3 sections where stuff gets filtered back into the blood

Removing waste from the blood, regulating water & pH of blood, and controlling red blood cell production

1. Blood enters through the afferent arteriole, and fluid and solutes and filtered through podocytes into Bowman's Capsule, where it is then called filtrate. Blood leaves through the efferent arteriole and filtrate continues through the renal tubule.
2. 80% of water, as well as ions and nutrients, are reabsorbed into the blood through passive and active transport, mostly in proximal convoluted tubule
3. Additional substances are actively removed from the blood and H+ and K- are fine-tuned to control pH

Glucose and blood protein

The nephron, because it's the thing that actually filters the blood and creates urine

The kidneys control how much water gets filtered out of the blood; the more water is filtered out, the lower the blood pressure. Additionally, sodium being filtered out will lower blood pressure

Old age–the external urethral sphincter is not able to be controlled.