exam 2 abnormal psych

breif psychotic: 1 day to one month schizophreniform: 1-6 months schizophrenia: 6+ months and include at least one month of active phase symptoms

person meets criteria for schizophrenia while also experiencing a mood disorder episode (major depressice, manic, or mixed episode) must have at least 2 week period with delusions or hallucinations without mood symptoms

exaggerations or distortions of normal behavior: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disturbed behavior

functioning below normal levels: restricted affect, avolition, asociality

narrowing of outward emotional expression

lack of initiative or energy

lack of interest in social relationships

hallucination: a false perception (sensory experience) that does not correspond to real enviromental stimuli delusion: a deeply entrenched belief (thought) that is incosistent with the person's intelligence or culture

neuroleptics (antipsychotics: thorazine or haldol) symptoms: extrapyramidal symptoms (rigid muscles, tremors) and tardive dyskinesia (involutary movements of mouth and limbs)

Association, Affect, Ambivalence, and Autism

a disorder of thought

an emotional disturbance

an inability to make or follow through on decisions

a withdrawl from reality

downward drift

major depressive disorder: acute, time limited episode of intense sadness (at least 2 weeks) persistent depressive disorder: more chronic but less intense depression (at least 2 years)

bipolar 1: requires at least one full manic episode bipolar 2: requires at east one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

mood disorder involving manic or hypomanic episodes that often alternate with periods of major depression

mania: intense euphoria/energy lasting at least 1 week (any duration if hospitalized) hypomania: elated mood lasting at least 4 days. less severe and doesn't require hospitalization

a chronic condition lasting at least 2 years. person has hypomanic symptomps and depressive symptoms that never meet the full criteria for major depressive episdode

SSRIs (prozac) SNRIs, Tricyclics, and MAOIs

Lithium carbonate for acute mania and recurrance prevention

agitation, nausea, and sleep disturbance

ideation: thinking about or planning to end one's life attempt: nofatal, self-inflicted act with the intent to die

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder

cognitive triad and cognitive disortions

represents a pattern of negative thought processes thhat contribute to the development and maintence of mood disorders

maladaptive thought patterns where a person misinterprets information in a negative or eaggerated way

females have higher prevalence of major depressive episodes (8.7%) than males (5.3%)

anxiety disorder where a person has panic attacks on a reccurrent basis and constant worry about future attacks

intense anxiety triggered by the real or anticipated exposure to situations in which they might not be able to get help

gender: women have a higher prevalence age: prevalence is highest in 18-44 yrs olds and significantly drops at age 60+

anxiety and worry that is not associated with a specific object or event but is constant in day-to-day life

involves recurrent obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming or cause significant distress

obsessions:persistent, unwanted thoughts, words, or images that caused marked anxiety compulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental rituals performed to neutralize the obsession

the client is physically immersed in the feared situation

the client is immersed in the feared situation through imagination

behavioral treatment that involves awarness training and learning a competing response to replace the urge

somatic symptom disorder: the person had actual physical symptoms that cause excessive distress/anxiety illness anxiety disorder: the person has no mild symptoms but is preoccupied with the fear they have a serious illness

history of early life trauma or physical/sexual abuse. person dissociates to deal with pain

malingering: faking symptoms for and externallterior motive (money, getting out of work) known as primary gain factitious disorder: faking symptoms to adopt the sick role for internal needsv (sympathy/attention) known as secondary gain

problem-focused coping: taking action to change the stressful situation itself emotion-focused coping: improving ones feeling about the situation rather than changing the situation

both involve binge eating but bulimia includes compensatory behavior (purging: vomiting or laxatives) to avoid weight gan while binge eating doesn't

a childhood disorder involving angry/irritable moods and agrumentative/defiant behavior toward authority

severe disorder involving repeated violations of the rights of others (agression, theft, animal cruelty)

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and new tech like implantable pulse generators for sleep apnea

a condition where a person eats inedible substances like dirt or feces

a persistent urge to steal, not for the object's value but for the excitement of the act

increased morality, poor prognosis, chronic symptoms, downward drift, medication side effects, substance abuse

mood disorder characterized by changes in mood, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety that occur duing the premenstrual phase. must occur for most cycles

a psychotherapy technique for depressions that increases engagement in positive activities to improve mood

a time-limited pychotherapy technique for major depressive disorder based on the idea that interpersonal stress triggers depression in vulnerable people

a therapy used for bipolar disorder to help people manage their social and biological rhythms

identifying and changing the cognitve triad and correcting cognitive distortions

a psychotherapy technique often combined with self-reiforcement to change behavior patterns in mood disorders

a treatment component where clinicians educate the client about their disorder to help them manage symptoms

using genetic testing to determine which mendication will be the most effective for a patient

a treatment where the client sits in front of bright light to regulate circadian rhythms

believing that is something is true in one case it applies to all other cases

focusing only on events that represent failures, loss, or frustration while ignoring successes

feeling personally repsonsible for everything bad that happens to yourself or those close to you

believing that is something was true in the past it will be true again

feeling like you are at the center of everyones attention and assuming everyone sees your flaws

always thinking the worst and being certain the worst-case will happen

seeing everything in extremes (all-or-nothing) rather than a middle ground

an irrational an unabating fear of particular object, activity, or situation. must be present for at least 6 months (can inlcude animals/insects, natural enviroment, blood injection injury, situations)

intense anxiety (at least 4 weeks) regarding seperation from home or attachent figures. inlcudes excessive distress and irrational fear of harm

a childhood disorder where a person refuses to talk in specific situations despite having normal language abilities

intense fear or anxiety in social situations where one might be scrutinized, humiliated, or embarassed

a preoccupation with a perceived defect or ugliness in one's body that is not visible to others.

persistent difficulty discarding items regardless of value due to a percieved need to save them or belief they have utility

a hair-pulling disorder involving the compulsive urge to pull out hair for relief or gratification. usually treated with habit reversal therapy

recurrent picking at skin that causes distrss or shame. usually treated with habit reversal training

acute: symptoms last up to 1 month after trauma PTSD: symptoms last more than 1 month after trauma

clients learn to replace fear/anxiety with relaxation

clients learn to recognize anxious thoughts seek rational alternatives to worrying, and take action

technique where client is fully immersed in the sensation of anxiety by being exposed to the feared situation

clients gradually expose themselves to increasingly challenging, anxiety-provoking situations. step-by-step rather than immediate immersion

translation of psychological conflicts or unacceptable drives into physical symptoms. usually appear are neurological or sensory impairments such as paralysis, blindess, or loss of speech

disorder where documented medical condition (asthma, diabetes etc) is made worse by psychological or behavioral factors

individual develops more than one self or personality. each identity has its own characteristc way of percieving, thinking, and relating to others

depersonalization: feeling detached fro one's own body (watching yourself from the outside) derealization: feeling a sense of unreality or detachment from one's surroundings

episode of amnesia involving loss of identity accompanied by bewildered wandering or traveling

disorder involving severly restricted eating, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distored body perception. leads to unhealthy low body weight and can cause life-threatening issues

childhood disorders involing repeated involuntary or voluntary passing of urine (enuresis) or feces (encopresis) in inappropriate places after the age of 5

lack of interest in food or avoidance based on sensory caracteristcs (texture, smell, or color) rather than body image. leads to significant weight loss but doesn't involve the fear of weight gain

inability to control urgers to express strong anger through provoked and unpremeditated outbursts which can be verbal or physical (diagnosis requires physcal outburks 3 times in a 12-month period)

people feel a persistent, ahrmful urge they cannot stop. key features are feeling tension or anxiety before acting and feeling relief or gratification only after following through on impulse

misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as signs of serious life threatening illness. person usually has no physical symptoms but is consumed by fear of being sick

18-25 year olds